Overview of 2 Samuel

2 Sam 1.1-16; Story; David Hears of Saul’s Death
2 Sam 1.17-27; Song; David’s Lament for Saul and Jonathan
2 Sam 2.1-7; Story; David Anointed King of Judah
2 Sam 2.8-11; Story; Ish-bosheth Made King of Israel
2 Sam 2.12-3.1; Story; The Battle of Gibeon
2 Sam 3.2-5; Story; The LORD gives David more offspring
2 Sam 3.6-25; Story; Abner betrays Ish-bosheth and joins David
2 Sam 3.26-30; Story; Joab Murders Abner
2 Sam 3.31-39; Story-Song; David Mourns Abner

2 Sam 4.1-12; Story; Ish-bosheth Murdered
2 Sam 5.1-5; Story; David Anointed King of Israel
2 Sam 5.6-10; Story; David conquers and takes Jerusalem
2 Sam 5.11-16; Story; David receives a house and is given more concubines and wives
2 Sam 5.17-25; Story; David Defeats the Philistines
2 Sam 6.1-4; Story; The Ark Brought to Jerusalem
2 Sam 6.5-15; Story-Sin; Uzzah and the Ark
2 Sam 6.16-23; Story; David and Michal
2 Sam 7.1-17; Story; The LORD’S Covenant with David
2 Sam 7.18-29; Story; David’s Prayer of Gratitude

2 Sam 8.1-14; Summary; David’s Victories
2 Sam 8.15-18; Summary; David’s Officials
2 Sam 9.1-13; Story; David’s Kindness to Mephibosheth
2 Sam 10.1-19; Story; David Defeats Ammon and Syria
2 Sam 11.1-27; Story-Sin; David, Bathsheba and Uriah
2 Sam 12.1-15; Story; Nathan Rebukes David
2 Sam 12.15b-23; Story; David’s Child Dies
2 Sam 12.24-25; Story; Solomon’s Birth
2 Sam 12.26-31; Story; Rabbah Is Captured

2 Sam 13.1-22; Story; Amnon and Tamar
2 Sam 13.23-33; Story; Absalom Murders Amnon
2 Sam 13.34-39; Story; Absalom Flees to Geshur
2 Sam 14.1-24; Story; Absalom Returns to Jerusalem
2 Sam 14.25-33; Story; Absalom and David reconcile
2 Sam 15.1-12; Story; Absalom’s Conspiracy
2 Sam 15.13-37; Story; David Flees Jerusalem

2 Sam 16.1-4; Story; Ziba sweet talks David and slanders Mephibosheth
2 Sam 16.5-14; Story; Shimei Curses David
2 Sam 16.15-23; Story; Absalom Enters Jerusalem
2 Sam 17.1-29; Story; Hushai Saves David
2 Sam 18.1-18; Story; Absalom Killed
2 Sam 18.19-19.8; Story; David Hears of Absalom’s Death

2 Sam 19.9-15; Story; David Returns to Jerusalem
2 Sam 19.16-43; Story; David Pardons His Enemies
2 Sam 20.1-26; Story; The Rebellion of Sheba
2 Sam 21.1-14; Story; David Avenges the Gibeonites
2 Sam 21.15-22; Story; War with the Philistines

2 Sam 22.1-51; Song; David’s Song of Deliverance
2 Sam 23.1-7; Story; The Last Words of David
2 Sam 23.8-39; Summary; David’s Mighty Men
2 Sam 24.1-9; Story-Sin; David’s Census
2 Sam 24.10-17; Story; The LORD’s Judgment of David’s Sin
2 Sam 24.18-25; Story; David Builds an Altar

2 Samuel 22-24 The numbering of Israel and Judah

From 2 Samuel 22-24

Overview

2 Sam 22.1-51; Song; David’s Song of Deliverance
2 Sam 23.1-7; Story; The Last Words of David
2 Sam 23.8-39; Summary; David’s Mighty Men
2 Sam 24.1-9; Story-Sin; David’s Census
2 Sam 24.10-17; Story; The LORD’s Judgment of David’s Sin
2 Sam 24.18-25; Story; David Builds an Altar

Passage and Comments

When David was delivered from his enemies and from Saul he created a song giving thanks to the LORD. The song is recorded at this point. In the son David describes the trouble he was in, his cries to the LORD, his righteousness, blamelessness and the LORD’s refuge and salvation (2 Sam 22.1-51).

David is old and about to die. Giving some of his last words he says the Spirit of the LORD speaks through him. He recalls the everlasting covenant the LORD has made with him and he condemns all bogans (2 Sam 23.1-7).

Davids mighty men are named and their feats recounted. The best of his men were called ‘the three’. Josheb-basshebeth a Tahchemonite (chief), Eleazar the son of Dodo, and Shammah, the son of Agee the Hararite. After these come Abishai (Joab’s bro), Benaiah, and Asahel (Joab’s bro, killed by Abner). Many other names are quoted. Uriah the Hittite (Bathsheba’s ex-husband) is quoted last. Thirty-seven in all (2 Sam 23.8-39).

The LORD prompts David to take a census so he can then punish David. Joab questions David’s command but goes through with it. In Israel there were 800,000 valiant men who drew the sword, and the men of Judah were 500,000 (2 Sam 24.1-9).

This is where we begin;

10 But David’s heart struck him after he had numbered the people. And David said to the LORD, “I have sinned greatly in what I have done. But now, O LORD, please take away the iniquity of your servant, for I have done very foolishly.” (2 Sam 24:10)

There is good and bad in this. The bad is that he conducted the census in the first place. The good is he has learned to repent when he has to. David has learned to be honest with himself and with the LORD.

11 And when David arose in the morning, the word of the LORD came to the prophet Gad, David’s seer, saying, 12 “Go and say to David, ‘Thus says the LORD, Three things I offer you. Choose one of them, that I may do it to you.’ ” 13 So Gad came to David and told him, and said to him, “Shall three years of famine come to you in your land? Or will you flee three months before your foes while they pursue you? Or shall there be three days’ pestilence in your land? Now consider, and decide what answer I shall return to him who sent me.” 14 Then David said to Gad, “I am in great distress. Let us fall into the hand of the LORD, for his mercy is great; but let me not fall into the hand of man.” (2 Sam 24:11–14)

David understands the LORD is forgiving and merciful. That is why he prefers to fall into his hands and not the hands of men. If the LORD wasn’t, he would probably prefer to fall into the hands of men. If you remember how he behaved while his first child to Bathsheba was afflicted, you can see how David understands the LORD’s mercy and forgiveness. In this case as well, the LORD’s punishment must be dealt out.

15 So the LORD sent a pestilence on Israel from the morning until the appointed time. And there died of the people from Dan to Beersheba 70,000 men. 16 And when the angel stretched out his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who was working destruction among the people, “It is enough; now stay your hand.” And the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. (2 Sam 24:15-16)

A huge amount of men died. The LORD doesn’t want to kill more so he stops the devastation. Its almost like we go back in time because the next section describes David’s plea while people were dying in the pestilence.

17 Then David spoke to the LORD when he saw the angel who was striking the people, and said, “Behold, I have sinned, and I have done wickedly. But these sheep, what have they done? Please let your hand be against me and against my father’s house.” (2 Sam 24:17)

Is that why the LORD stopped the pestilence? Because of David’s intercession and admission to his own responsibility. Once again we should be reminded of the effect the sins of leaders have on the people under them.

18 And Gad came that day to David and said to him, “Go up, raise an altar to the LORD on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.” 19 So David went up at God’s word, as the LORD commanded. (2 Sam 24:18)

The LORD provides a means of atonement. David complies.

20 And when Araunah looked down, he saw the king and his servants coming on toward him. And Araunah went out and paid homage to the king with his face to the ground. 21 And Araunah said, “Why has my lord the king come to his servant?” David said, “To buy the threshing floor from you, in order to build an altar to the LORD, that the plague may be averted from the people.” 22 Then Araunah said to David, “Let my lord the king take and offer up what seems good to him. Here are the oxen for the burnt offering and the threshing sledges and the yokes of the oxen for the wood. 23 All this, O king, Araunah gives to the king.” And Araunah said to the king, “May the LORD your God accept you.” 24 But the king said to Araunah, “No, but I will buy it from you for a price. I will not offer burnt offerings to the LORD my God that cost me nothing.” So David bought the threshing floor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver. 25 And David built there an altar to the LORD and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. (2 Sam 24:20-25a)

Araunah understands what is happening and cares for the people as well. That is why he offered to give it to David for free. But one aspect of sacrifices it that it must cost the offerer something. If David accepted Araunah’s gift he may compromise the atonement. So he pays for the land and makes his sacrifices.

So the LORD responded to the plea for the land, and the plague was averted from Israel (2 Sam 24:25b).

Story of Israel

This ends the story of Samuel, but the line of kings continues. Like David here many kings sin and do the wrong thing. We are all capable of evil and should be punished for it. The LORD sends angels, famines, locusts and armies to punish different kinds of sins. Putting out the census like David did is not unique however.

Story of Jesus

Before Jesus was born the foreign king of the time Augustus required all in his domain to be part of his registration. This was a bit like a census in that it counted the number of people.

2 In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be registered. 2 This was the first registration when Quirinius was governor of Syria. 3 And all went to be registered, each to his own town. 4 And Joseph also went up from Galilee, from the town of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, 5 to be registered with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child. 6 And while they were there, the time came for her to give birth. 7 And she gave birth to her firstborn son and wrapped him in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn. 8 And in the same region there were shepherds out in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. 9 And an angel of the Lord appeared to them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were filled with great fear. 10 And the angel said to them, “Fear not, for behold, I bring you good news of great joy that will be for all the people. 11 For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord.  (Lk 2:1–11)

David’s census ended in disaster. Augustus registration gave way for the birth of the Saviour and Christ.

2 Samuel 19-21 My lord the king has come safely home

From 2 Samuel 19-21

Overview

2 Sam 19.9-15; Story; David Returns to Jerusalem
2 Sam 19.16-43; Story; David Pardons His Enemies
2 Sam 20.1-26; Story; The Rebellion of Sheba
2 Sam 21.1-14; Story; David Avenges the Gibeonites
2 Sam 21.15-22; Story; War with the Philistines

Passage and Comments

David struggles to unite the kingdom again. He promotes Amasa to be general of his armies in a diplomatic move. Remember Joab was always until now been David’s general (2 Sam 19.9-15).

Shimei rushes to David and asks his forgiveness. Some suggest he should be put to death. But David refrains. Enough people have already died this day. Mephibosheth comes to David and explains his actions. He shows signs of long held grief over what has happened to David. Considering Ziba’s story, David doesn’t know who to believe so he divides up his property between him and Ziba. Mephibosheth does not care and is pleased for all David’s former kindness and he is still alive. Barzillai the Gileadite comes to David and is rewarded for his earlier support. The remaining men of Judah and Israel compete for how loyal they are to David the King (2 Sam 19.16-43).

The passage I wanted to focus on today concerns Mephibosheth. He is Jonathan’s son who has two lame feet. This is what happens when David is returning victorious to Jerusalem.

24 And Mephibosheth the son of Saul came down to meet the king. He had neither taken care of his feet nor trimmed his beard nor washed his clothes, from the day the king departed until the day he came back in safety. 25 And when he came to Jerusalem to meet the king, the king said to him, “Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth?” 26 He answered, “My lord, O king, my servant deceived me, for your servant said to him, ‘I will saddle a donkey for myself, that I may ride on it and go with the king.’ For your servant is lame. 27 He has slandered your servant to my lord the king. But my lord the king is like the angel of God; do therefore what seems good to you. (2 Sam 19.24-27)

Note that he has not taken care of his feet nor trimmed his beard nor washed his clothes. Such inattention to details of personal health and hygiene made Mephibosheth look as if he had been profoundly mourning for a considerable period of time.

Mephibosheth says what when David was leaving Jerusalem he wanted to leave with him. But Ziba deceived him saying he would saddle a donkey for him to meet the king. But he left without Mephibosheth. Mephibosheth is lame, so he had no way he could get to David or leave Jerusalem. Ziba then slandered Mephibosheth to David.

Mephibosheth keeps using very respectful terms when he is speaking to David.

Just recalling what happened previously;

16 When David had passed a little beyond the summit, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of donkeys saddled, bearing two hundred loaves of bread, a hundred bunches of raisins, a hundred of summer fruits, and a skin of wine. 2 And the king said to Ziba, “Why have you brought these?” Ziba answered, “The donkeys are for the king’s household to ride on, the bread and summer fruit for the young men to eat, and the wine for those who faint in the wilderness to drink.” 3 And the king said, “And where is your master’s son?” Ziba said to the king, “Behold, he remains in Jerusalem, for he said, ‘Today the house of Israel will give me back the kingdom of my father.’ ” 4 Then the king said to Ziba, “Behold, all that belonged to Mephibosheth is now yours.” And Ziba said, “I pay homage; let me ever find favor in your sight, my lord the king.” (2 Sam 16:1–4)

So Ziba brought food and it looks like he took all the donkeys in Mephibosheth’s household. If we return to David’s discussion with Mephibosheth. Mephibosheth continues;

28 For all my father’s house were but men doomed to death before my lord the king, but you set your servant among those who eat at your table. What further right have I, then, to cry to the king?” (2 Sam 19:28)

Mephibosheth has said David could have put him to death a long time ago anyhow. Yet despite this David has been generous to him in inviting him to eat at his table. In light of this Mephibosheth waves his right to argue his case.

29 And the king said to him, “Why speak any more of your affairs? I have decided: you and Ziba shall divide the land.” (2 Sam 19.29) 

David doesn’t know what to think. Believe Ziba or Mephibosheth? He divides the land in two. You would think Mephibosheth would protest this.

30 And Mephibosheth said to the king, “Oh, let him take it all, since my lord the king has come safely home.” (2 Sam 19:30)

Mephibosheth doesn’t care. In light of David’s former treatment of him and the fact David is still alive he would be happy to give it all away. The most important thing is that David is alive. Mephibosheth response here as well as his inattention to details of personal health and hygiene suggest he has been honest and Ziba has done a job on him. Mephibosheth should be commended for his behaviour, Ziba should be punished, David should rethink what has happened.

Following this we don’t hear about Mephibosheth or Ziba anymore . Both testify to how difficult it is to understand the character of some people at face value.

Story of Jesus

Mephibosheth recalls what David has done for him and it powerfully affects how he treats him afterwards. When Paul came to believe Jesus was the risen Christ, he understood that Jesus gave himself for him.

20 I have been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. (Gal 2:20)

Paul and Mephibosheth have something in common, they have been touched by grace.

2 Samuel 16-18 Hanging in a tree

From 2 Samuel 16-18

Overview

2 Sam 16.1-4; Story; Ziba sweet talks David and slanders Mephibosheth
2 Sam 16.5-14; Story; Shimei Curses David
2 Sam 16.15-23; Story; Absalom Enters Jerusalem
2 Sam 17.1-29; Story; Hushai Saves David
2 Sam 18.1-18; Story; Absalom Killed
2 Sam 18.19-19.8; Story; David Hears of Absalom’s Death

Passage and Comments

Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth meets him on the road. He has supplies for David which David gratefully receives. When David asks about Mephibosheth, Ziba says he has stayed at Jerusalem to receive back the kingdom of his father. David buys Ziba’s story and gives all Mephibosheth owns to Ziba (2 Sam 16.1-4).

When David arrived at Bahurim, a man named Shimei (of Saul’s household) curses David and throws stones at him and his men. He says the LORD has avenged him for the destruction of Saul’s house. When one of his men offers to cut his head off, David stops him thinking the LORD may return good to him for tolerating the man’s behaviour. When David gets to the Jordan he refreshes himself (2 Sam 16.5-14).

Absalom enters Jerusalem and Hushai the Archite (David’s spy) introduces himself. Absalom questions his loyalty and accepts his response. Absalom asks his other counsellor what he should do. Ahithophel suggests he have sex with his father’s concubines in public. Absalom does this fulfilling Nathan’s prediction of the LORD’s punishment on David (2 Sam 16.15-23).

Absalom seeks the advice of Ahithophel and Hushai as to how he should kill David his father. Absalom follows Hushai’s advice that he wait and gather all his forces and then go into battle seeking David. Hushai then sends word to David about what Absalom will do. Ahithophel suicides because his advice was not followed. Some Ammonites provide for David and his men (2 Sam 17.1-29).

The passage I have chosen today goes through the battle between Davids forces and Absalom’s.

18 Then David mustered the men who were with him and set over them commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds. 2 And David sent out the army, one third under the command of Joab, one third under the command of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab’s brother, and one third under the command of Ittai the Gittite. And the king said to the men, “I myself will also go out with you.” 3 But the men said, “You shall not go out. For if we flee, they will not care about us. If half of us die, they will not care about us. But you are worth ten thousand of us. Therefore it is better that you send us help from the city.” 4 The king said to them, “Whatever seems best to you I will do.” So the king stood at the side of the gate, while all the army marched out by hundreds and by thousands. (2 Sam 18.1-4)

The battle may be close and David’s men, concerned for his welfare, stop him from joining them in battle. David still has many men loyal to him. The remaining sons of Zeruiah, will be David’s generals. Note; Joab was the one who helped reconcile Absalom and David (2 Sam 14.28-33). Now he is trying to kill him.

5 And the king ordered Joab and Abishai and Ittai, “Deal gently for my sake with the young man Absalom.” And all the people heard when the king gave orders to all the commanders about Absalom. (2 Sam 18.5)

David gives an order that conflicts with the welfare of his kingdom. That is because he is conflicted. For him the battle is personal, he doesn’t want his son to die. But his son is trying to take his nation.

6 So the army went out into the field against Israel, and the battle was fought in the forest of Ephraim. 7 And the men of Israel were defeated there by the servants of David, and the loss there was great on that day, twenty thousand men. 8 The battle spread over the face of all the country, and the forest devoured more people that day than the sword. (2 Sam 18.6-8)

Lots of men die. In the context of David’s life, the war has happened because of David’s infidelity with Bathsheba and murder of Uriah. These are the consequences a leaders sins. The forest takes more than the sword. The text is not specific. I assume people on both sides are dying because of the forest. How do they die? Perhaps they trip over. Perhaps the forest comes alive and devours them. The text implies it is the LORD’s doing. If both sides are taking losses due to the forest. This is the LORD’s judgment on both sides.

9 And Absalom happened to meet the servants of David. Absalom was riding on his mule, and the mule went under the thick branches of a great oak, and his head caught fast in the oak, and he was suspended between heaven and earth, while the mule that was under him went on. (2 Sam 18.9)

Mules cannot run as fast as horses but they are more sure footed and have more endurance. I suspect mules can run faster than men and I’m sure that is important in battles. Nonetheless Absalom comically gets stuck in a tree. I strongly suspect his long hair was the cause. He is basically a sitting duck.

10 And a certain man saw it and told Joab, “Behold, I saw Absalom hanging in an oak.” 11 Joab said to the man who told him, “What, you saw him! Why then did you not strike him there to the ground? I would have been glad to give you ten pieces of silver and a belt.” 12 But the man said to Joab, “Even if I felt in my hand the weight of a thousand pieces of silver, I would not reach out my hand against the king’s son, for in our hearing the king commanded you and Abishai and Ittai, ‘For my sake protect the young man Absalom.’ 13 On the other hand, if I had dealt treacherously against his life (and there is nothing hidden from the king), then you yourself would have stood aloof.” (2 Sam 18.10-13)

He is seen by the opposite side and the man tells Joab. Joab if anything is loyal, practical, and ruthless. The men would obey David’s command to spare Absalom. But Joab wouldn’t. Absalom is a dead man.

14 Joab said, “I will not waste time like this with you.” And he took three javelins in his hand and thrust them into the heart of Absalom while he was still alive in the oak. 15 And ten young men, Joab’s armor-bearers, surrounded Absalom and struck him and killed him. (2 Sam 18.14-15)

Im not sure how Absalom could have survived having three javelins thrust into his heart. I suspect heart = chest or stomach as the centre of someones being. Not the literal anatomic heart because one javelin would be enough. After the three javelins the men surround Absalom and put him out of his misery. This is actually a saving grace of the LORD. Had not Absalom been killed, many more men would have died.

16 Then Joab blew the trumpet, and the troops came back from pursuing Israel, for Joab restrained them. 17 And they took Absalom and threw him into a great pit in the forest and raised over him a very great heap of stones. And all Israel fled every one to his own home. 18 Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and set up for himself the pillar that is in the King’s Valley, for he said, “I have no son to keep my name in remembrance.” He called the pillar after his own name, and it is called Absalom’s monument to this day. (2 Sam 18:16–18)

Blowing the trumpet signifies victory. When Joab blew the trumpet he claimed victory for his side and everyone knew Absalom was either dead or captured. Israel is routed and flees. Joab prevents his men chasing them down. He doesnt want to needlessly kill people from his own nation.

Absalom set up a monument for himself. Its sad and egotistical at the same time. Absalom has no children to continue his line and he makes this public. His sons must have died (cf. 2 Sam 14.27). Absalom feels the need to glorify himself.

David is keen to hear the outcome of the battle. Joab sends two messengers with slightly different news to David. Initially he is told they have won the battle, but he is given no news of Absalom. The second messenger comes and David is told of Absalom’s death. David is grieved to the heart and cries out for Absalom. When David’s men hear how he has responded, their victory is turned into mourning. Joab his general notes his effect on the men and he rebukes David for his actions. David goes out to the men and supports them (2 Sam 18.19-19.8).

Story of Israel

So begins the early stages of the inner turmoil within the kingdom. Judah and Israel will be at each others throats for a few hundred years now. But it will end in the exile. Assyria and Babylon will come in and take over these lands. Judah and Israel while still hostile to one another will no longer be able to fight one another because they have been defeated and conquered by other nations.

Story of Jesus

Absalom is not remembered in the New Testament. He died is a tree because he was guilty of trying to rule over the LORD’s anointed king. In the new testament though another died on a tree for quite different reasons. He was completely faithful to God. He was God’s anointed Christ. Peters gospel message describes the cross as a tree.

36 As for the word that he sent to Israel, preaching good news of peace through Jesus Christ (he is Lord of all), 37 you yourselves know what happened throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee after the baptism that John proclaimed: 38 how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power. He went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him. 39 And we are witnesses of all that he did both in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem. They put him to death by hanging him on a tree, 40 but God raised him on the third day and made him to appear, 41 not to all the people but to us who had been chosen by God as witnesses, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead. 42 And he commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that he is the one appointed by God to be judge of the living and the dead. 43 To him all the prophets bear witness that everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name.” (Acts 10:36–43)

2 Samuel 13-15 Come before the king for judgment

From 2 Samuel 13-15

Overview

2 Sam 13.1-22; Story; Amnon and Tamar
2 Sam 13.23-33; Story; Absalom Murders Amnon
2 Sam 13.34-39; Story; Absalom Flees to Geshur
2 Sam 14.1-24; Story; Absalom Returns to Jerusalem
2 Sam 14.25-33; Story; Absalom and David reconcile
2 Sam 15.1-12; Story; Absalom’s Conspiracy
2 Sam 15.13-37; Story; David Flees Jerusalem

Passage and Comments

Absalom, David’s son has a beautiful sister Tamar. Amnon, another one of David’s sons wanted to have sex with her so much he couldn’t sleep. When he tells David’s brother Jonadab  they devise a plan. Amnon pretends to be ill and asks David is he will send Tamar to care for him. When she does Amnon violates and rapes her (his sister). Afterwards she pleads with him to ask David that they be married. But he refuses because he now hates her. When David hears of it and is very angry, but does nothing. When Absalom hears of it, he says nothing, but now hates Amnon because he violated his sister (2 Sam 13.1-22).

For two years Absalom nurtured his hate for Amnon in his heart. Eventually with David’s unknowing permission he sets up a feast for all his brothers, including Amnon. During the feast he orders his servants to kill Amnon. They do and all his other brothers flee. To deliver the news to David of what happened they initially say all his sons are dead. Then they say only Amnon is dead. They do this in the hope that his relief that most of his sons are alive and well will overcome his anger at Amnon’s murder (2 Sam 13.23-33).

Absalom flees and Davids remaining sons return to David. David and these sons weep for what has happened. After a while David is comforted regarding Amnon’s death and he longs to go out to Absalom (2 Sam 13.34-39).

Joab understands David’s grief over Absalom and attempts to reconcile them. He sends an wise woman to David and she describes a similar situation regarding Amnon, Absalom and David in the hope David will send for Absalom and he may return. After she tells her tale she confesses who it is really about and divulges Joab was the one who put her up to it. David grants Joab’s request, but does not allow Absalom into his house or his presence (2 Sam 14.1-24).

Absalom is praised for his good skin and his long hair. He has three sons and one daughter. Absalom lived two years in Jerusalem without seeing David his father. Eventually he gets sets Joab’s field on fire to get his attention in order to get him to talk to David and give him an ultimatum. Put him to death if he is guilty, otherwise let him go into the King’s presence. David relents, allows Absalom into his presence and kisses him (2 Sam 14.25-33).

Once in Jerusalem Absalom seems to have greater plans than simply residing with David. He wants to rule.

15 After this Absalom got himself a chariot and horses, and fifty men to run before him. 2 And Absalom used to rise early and stand beside the way of the gate. And when any man had a dispute to come before the king for judgment, Absalom would call to him and say, “From what city are you?” And when he said, “Your servant is of such and such a tribe in Israel,” 3 Absalom would say to him, “See, your claims are good and right, but there is no man designated by the king to hear you.” 4 Then Absalom would say, “Oh that I were judge in the land! Then every man with a dispute or cause might come to me, and I would give him justice.” 5 And whenever a man came near to pay homage to him, he would put out his hand and take hold of him and kiss him. 6 Thus Absalom did to all of Israel who came to the king for judgment. So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel. (2 Sam 15:1–6)

As King, it is David’s role to make decisions and give justice to the people. When people had some sort of dispute of trouble they wanted resolved they would naturally come to the king to sort it out. But when they arrived in Jerusalem they met Absalom before they could get to the king. Absalom creates the impression the king should have appointed someone other than himself to judge. Actually David is the judge and Absalom is preventing them coming to him for judgment.

7 And at the end of four years Absalom said to the king, “Please let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed to the LORD, in Hebron. 8 For your servant vowed a vow while I lived at Geshur in Aram, saying, ‘If the LORD will indeed bring me back to Jerusalem, then I will offer worship to the LORD.’ ” 9 The king said to him, “Go in peace.” So he arose and went to Hebron. (2 Sam 13.7-9)

Absalom tells David a story to let him go to Hebron. Which David believes. Its a lie because he has other intentions. Its hard to pin down Absalom’s motives in all this. Does he resent the king for not understanding his murder of Amnon? Perhaps he doesn’t care and just wants to rule? Perhaps a combination of both. He is the personification of the LORD’s punishment for David’s sin with Bathsheba and Uriah.

10 But Absalom sent secret messengers throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, “As soon as you hear the sound of the trumpet, then say, ‘Absalom is king at Hebron!’ ” 11 With Absalom went two hundred men from Jerusalem who were invited guests, and they went in their innocence and knew nothing. 12 And while Absalom was offering the sacrifices, he sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David’s counselor, from his city Giloh. And the conspiracy grew strong, and the people with Absalom kept increasing. (2 Sam 15:10–12)

Absalom come out and appoints himself king. He has betrayed his father. Samuel is all about peoples undisclosed motives, struggle for power and betrayal. Somehow the LORD works through it all to his purpose.

Eventually David finds out about what Absalom has done and he realises the extent of his support so he escapes from Jerusalem with his faithful servants, leaving his concubines behind (2 Sam 15.13-17). Along the way David meets several people. Some wish him well. Some tag along with him. David sends Hushai the Archite back to Jerusalem to pretend to offer Absalom advice. In fact to deceive and undermine his decisions (2 Sam 15.13-37).

Story of Israel

The people treated Absalom as king and judge before they even declared him king. This happened because he stepped in peoples way and David was ignored. Through Israel’s history there were many times when the LORD;s direction was also ignored. Israel preferred the advice and direction of others. False prophets and priests ruled over the people (e.g. Jer 5.31; Eze 13.6-9). The LORD’s ways and instructions were unknown.

But there were times when the light broke through and God revealed his ways and judgment to the people. Through scripture. For example when Josiah found the book of the law.

23 Then the king sent, and all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem were gathered to him. 2 And the king went up to the house of the LORD, and with him all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem and the priests and the prophets, all the people, both small and great. And he read in their hearing all the words of the Book of the Covenant that had been found in the house of the LORD. 3 And the king stood by the pillar and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all his heart and all his soul, to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. And all the people joined in the covenant. (2 Ki 23:1–3)

When they read the law and listened to what it said they were rejoined in covenant with the LORD.

Story of Jesus

The apostles gave a similar role to Jesus. Jesus, the son of God makes the Father known.

14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth. 15 (John bore witness about him, and cried out, “This was he of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me ranks before me, because he was before me.’ ”) 16 For from his fullness we have all received, grace upon grace. 17 For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. 18 No one has ever seen God; the only God, who is at the Father’s side, he has made him known. (Jn 1:14–18)

This is not a diversion like Absalom. By going to him you are going to the true king and judge. Dont let anyone get in the way.

2 Samuel 8-12 Adultery, murder and deceit

From 2 Samuel 8-12

Overview

2 Sam 8.1-14; Summary; David’s Victories
2 Sam 8.15-18; Summary; David’s Officials
2 Sam 9.1-13; Story; David’s Kindness to Mephibosheth
2 Sam 10.1-19; Story; David Defeats Ammon and Syria
2 Sam 11.1-27; Story-Sin; David, Bathsheba and Uriah
2 Sam 12.1-15; Story; Nathan Rebukes David
2 Sam 12.15b-23; Story; David’s Child Dies
2 Sam 12.24-25; Story; Solomon’s Birth
2 Sam 12.26-31; Story; Rabbah Is Captured

Passage and Comments

David has subdued the majority of his hostile neighbours. He establishes his kingdom setting up a government with a general, recorders, priests and secretary (2 Sam 8.15-18).

In memory of Jonathan his friend, David desires to show kindness to someone in his family. There is a servant of Saul’s household named Ziba. He tells him of Mephibosheth, Jonathan’s son. David gives ownership of all Saul owned to Mephibosheth and with an open invite to eat at his table. Mephibosheth is awed by David’s kindness (2 Sam 9.1-13).

The king of the Ammonites died. David tried to make peace with their new king. The new king does not trust him and he humiliates the servants David sends. The king realises that David does not like him much anymore so he rallies together several neighbourhood allies and their armies against David. When David finds out they go to war. David kicks their butt and they become his servants (2 Sam 10.1-19).

Our passage marks the point where David’s kingdom starts going downhill. Up till now the LORD has blessed him. He has become king over a united Judah and Israel. No one significant opposes him. His enemies have been subdued under him. The LORD has given him many wives, concubines and offspring. It starts to get worse.

11 In the spring of the year, the time when kings go out to battle, David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel. And they ravaged the Ammonites and besieged Rabbah. But David remained at Jerusalem. (2 Sam 11:1)

David remained in battle. He should have been out to battle with his men. This is an early sign of his lapse.

2 It happened, late one afternoon, when David arose from his couch and was walking on the roof of the king’s house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful. 3 And David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, “Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?” 4 So David sent messengers and took her, and she came to him, and he lay with her. (Now she had been purifying herself from her uncleanness.) Then she returned to her house. 5 And the woman conceived, and she sent and told David, “I am pregnant.” (2 Sam 11:2-5)

I wonder if Bathsheba resisted King David. I don’t think she did. David made his interest in her public. David also knows who’s wife she is. The bible calls what David did adultery. Adultery does not necessarily involve sex. For example, in Israel’s later history when they abandon the LORD for other gods this is called adultery (e.g. Jer 3.1-9,20). They didn’t have sex with the LORD or these other gods, but the mere fact they broke their covenant bond with God is why their behaviour is described as adultery. A man commits adultery by taking from the married woman what her husband has claimed as his sole privilege. In this case David’s commits adultery by having sex with Bathsheba and breaking Uriah’s sole claim to her.

It gets worse - Bathsheba gets pregnant. Now David has a greater problem, he must cover up what he has done or be found out. Get ready for deception, manipulation and murder.

6 So David sent word to Joab, “Send me Uriah the Hittite.” And Joab sent Uriah to David. 7 When Uriah came to him, David asked how Joab was doing and how the people were doing and how the war was going. (2 Sam 11:6-7)

Event - David sends for Uriah the Hittite. He asks him how the war is going. David’s Motive - David may be partially interested in the war. But his real motive is unspoken. If asked about it David could truthfully respond he sent for Uriah to find out about the war. Technically if asked and he responded this way he wouldn’t be lying. But in a sense the whole event is a crafted diversion away from the truth.

8 Then David said to Uriah, “Go down to your house and wash your feet.” And Uriah went out of the king’s house, and there followed him a present from the king. 9 But Uriah slept at the door of the king’s house with all the servants of his lord, and did not go down to his house. (2 Sam 11:8-9)

Event - David sends him home where pregnant Bathsheba is to spend the night. He also sends a present. It ‘followed’ him, so I suspect it is some sort of livestock animal. David’s Motive - David is hoping Uriah will have sex with Bathsheba. If he did, Uriah would assume Bathsheba was pregnant because of him. Lets assume Bathsheba keeps the secret to herself, but I wonder what would have happened if Uriah saw the child with David’s features. David has sent a present which is probably a livestock animal. He is buttering up Uriah making it appear he cares for him and is his friend. If asked about it David could say he is now giving Uriah a well deserved rest from battle. His gift would probably be perceived by others as being generous!

But David’s cunning plan failed. Uriah didn’t spend the night at home or have sex with Bathsheba his wife.

10 When they told David, “Uriah did not go down to his house,” David said to Uriah, “Have you not come from a journey? Why did you not go down to your house?” 11 Uriah said to David, “The ark and Israel and Judah dwell in booths, and my lord Joab and the servants of my lord are camping in the open field. Shall I then go to my house, to eat and to drink and to lie with my wife? As you live, and as your soul lives, I will not do this thing.” (2 Sam 11.10-11)

Uriah is one of David’s mighty men (2 Sam 23.39). He is a loyal soldier and stands by his brothers in combat. He does not have sex with his wife because he wants to remain ritually clean. Nor does he sleep in his house, out of respect for his brothers who also sleep without shelter. To all intents and purposes he is a model Hebrew soldier.

12 Then David said to Uriah, “Remain here today also, and tomorrow I will send you back.” So Uriah remained in Jerusalem that day and the next. 13 And David invited him, and he ate in his presence and drank, so that he made him drunk. And in the evening he went out to lie on his couch with the servants of his lord, but he did not go down to his house. (2 Sam 11.12-13)

Event - David treats Uriah to a feast and gets Uriah drunk. Again Uriah could go home… David’s Motive - David has lowered Uriah’s resistance to going home and having sex with his wife. Perhaps the drink will make him forget or not care anymore. Uriah could blame it on the drink if he did. If asked about it David could reiterate he wants to treat his men well. They fight hard and risk their lives in battle and he wants to reward them.

14 In the morning David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it by the hand of Uriah. 15 In the letter he wrote, “Set Uriah in the forefront of the hardest fighting, and then draw back from him, that he may be struck down, and die.” 16 And as Joab was besieging the city, he assigned Uriah to the place where he knew there were valiant men. 17 And the men of the city came out and fought with Joab, and some of the servants of David among the people fell. Uriah the Hittite also died. (2 Sam 11.14-17)

I strongly suspect Uriah didn’t read the contents of the letter David asked him to deliver to Joab. I wonder what Joab thought when he read it. Did he look strangely at Uriah and question if he had read it somehow? Was it difficult for David to give Uriah the letter that would precipitate in his death? Did David even commit murder? The Ammonites kill him.

Event - Joab follows David’s instructions. We hear of no objections and Uriah, faithful to the end, dies in battle. If Joab was asked about it he could feign anger. He cares about his men and they die all the time.

18 Then Joab sent and told David all the news about the fighting. 19 And he instructed the messenger, “When you have finished telling all the news about the fighting to the king, 20 then, if the king’s anger rises, and if he says to you, ‘Why did you go so near the city to fight? Did you not know that they would shoot from the wall? 21 Who killed Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? Why did you go so near the wall?’ then you shall say, ‘Your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.’ ” (2 Sam 11.18-21)

If asked about the incident David could reiterate the basic events of his dealings with Uriah. He called him from battle to find out how the war was going. He wanted to give Uriah a well deserved rest so he sent him home. He wanted to be generous to him so he gave him a present, a feast and some drink. Unfortunately, when Uriah returned to battle he died bravely fighting Israel’s enemies as many others died as well.

Event - Joab sends a message about the battle which includes new of Uriah’s death. Motive - Joab, like David is skilled in deceit. The letter records true facts, but does not disclose his involvement in Uriah’s murder.

22 So the messenger went and came and told David all that Joab had sent him to tell. 23 The messenger said to David, “The men gained an advantage over us and came out against us in the field, but we drove them back to the entrance of the gate. 24 Then the archers shot at your servants from the wall. Some of the king’s servants are dead, and your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.” 25 David said to the messenger, “Thus shall you say to Joab, ‘Do not let this matter displease you, for the sword devours now one and now another. Strengthen your attack against the city and overthrow it.’ And encourage him.” (2 Sam 11:22–25)

Event - David sends another message back to Joab reassuring him of the sad events of the battle. David’s Motive - David wants to comfort Joab. But he has not specified why exactly. Normally he might want to comfort him about the unfortunate death of his men. Here he is assuring him he will not divulge his involvement in Uriah’s death. They alone share the secret. The guts of their behaviour is this. If asked about it they can deny everything pointing away from the truth of what happened with true lies.

26 When the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she lamented over her husband. 27 And when the mourning was over, David sent and brought her to his house, and she became his wife and bore him a son. But the thing that David had done displeased the LORD. (2 Sam 11:26–27)

She lamented over Uriah’s death. It seems she went through the normal motions of mourning for her husband. On looker’s would not suspect anything. Did she know what David had done? Did she go to be the wife of the one she knew killed her husband?

The thing that David had done displeased the LORD. Adultery, murder and deceit.

After this, the LORD sends Nathan to David to rebuke him. Nathan creates a story of a rich man who took the only ewe lamb from a poor man as an analogy to convict David of his sin. The story climaxes with Nathans statement, ‘You are the man!’ Through Nathan the LORD condemns David’s actions. Despite all the LORD had given him, he abused his position, committed adultery and murdered Uriah. Nathan predicts David’s punishment. His newly born child will die and one from his own house will betray him and have sex with his wives in public (2 Sam 12.1-15).

The LORD afflicts David’s son he had by Bathsheba. David understands the LORD is gracious and forgiving so he fasts and lays all night on the ground seeking the LORD. Despite David’s repentance, the child dies. Once David finds out, he washes, anoints himself, changes his clothes and goes into the house of the LORD and worships. His servants ask him why he did it. He explains the LORD is gracious and he might relent on his punishment (2 Sam 12.15b-23).

David comforted Bathsheba, they have sex again and she has another son. His name is Solomon and the LORD loved him. They tell Nathan and they give him another name Jedidiah, which means ‘beloved of the LORD’ (2 Sam 12.24-25).

Story of Israel

The future kings following David are generally compared with David. For example;

15 Now in the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam the son of Nebat, Abijam began to reign over Judah. 2 He reigned for three years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Maacah the daughter of Abishalom. 3 And he walked in all the sins that his father did before him, and his heart was not wholly true to the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father. 4 Nevertheless, for David’s sake the LORD his God gave him a lamp in Jerusalem, setting up his son after him, and establishing Jerusalem, 5 because David did what was right in the eyes of the LORD and did not turn aside from anything that he commanded him all the days of his life, except in the matter of Uriah the Hittite. (1 Ki 15:1–5)

As we see here David is described as having a near perfect record, with the exception of Uriah. David is a great example of a believer who sins, yet repents and finds forgiveness from the LORD who is gracious.

Story of Jesus

Sin in the life of the believer can be classified into two different parts of their life. Before and after they believe. In most cases forgiveness the apostles speak of concerns forgiveness of sins committed before coming to believe. For example after speaking of the death and resurrection of Jesus, proving him to be the promised Christ Paul says;

8 Let it be known to you therefore, brothers, that through this man forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you, 39 and by him everyone who believes is freed from everything from which you could not be freed by the law of Moses. (Acts 13:38–39)

The forgiveness David spoke of is also mentioned in by Paul in Romans. Quoting from Psalm 32 Paul says;

6 just as David also speaks of the blessing of the one to whom God counts righteousness apart from works:
            7 “Blessed are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven,
      and whose sins are covered;
            8 blessed is the man against whom the Lord will not count his sin.”
9 Is this blessing then only for the circumcised, or also for the uncircumcised? For we say that faith was counted to Abraham as righteousness. (Rom 4:6–9)

Those who are counted righteous by believing Jesus is the Christ apart from works such as offering sacrifices (Ps 51.16-17) receive forgiveness. Through Christ’s work on the cross.

2 Samuel 4-7 His kingdom will last forever

From 2 Samuel 4-7

Overview

2 Sam 4.1-12; Story; Ish-bosheth Murdered
2 Sam 5.1-5; Story; David Anointed King of Israel
2 Sam 5.6-10; Story; David conquers and takes Jerusalem
2 Sam 5.11-16; Story; David receives a house and is given more concubines and wives
2 Sam 5.17-25; Story; David Defeats the Philistines
2 Sam 6.1-4; Story; The Ark Brought to Jerusalem
2 Sam 6.5-15; Story-Sin; Uzzah and the Ark
2 Sam 6.16-23; Story; David and Michal
2 Sam 7.1-17; Story; The LORD’S Covenant with David
2 Sam 7.18-29; Story; David’s Prayer of Gratitude

Passage and Comments

People keep dying in Saul’s household. But several people still remain. One man is Mephibosheth, Jonathan’s son. When Mephibosheth’s nurse heard of Saul and Jonathans defeat she fled. In her haste Mephibosheth fell over and both his feet became lame. He will live. Of  Saul’s household, the only remaining significant threat to David is Ish-bosheth. He will die. Thinking David will reward them, two men creep up on Ish-bosheth while he is sleeping and kill him. They take his head and bring it to David. David however considered Ish-bosheth a righteous man so he condemns their actions. He has them both killed and he buries Ish-bosheth with Abner. Whether David intended it or not, all significant threats to his reign have now been removed (2 Sam 4.1-12).

David makes a covenant with Israel and he becomes king over them. Now he rules over a united kingdom of Judah and Israel (2 Sam 5.1-5).

Some cities still remain in the land under foreign control. Jerusalem is one of them. Jerusalem was famous for having unassailable defenses. The inhabitants boasted it could be defended with ‘the blind and the lame’. David puts this to the test and exploits a weakness in their defenses. A water shaft. He enters the city and defeats ‘the blind and the lame’ defenders. He calls this city after himself. David becomes greater and greater because the LORD was with him (2 Sam 5.6-10).

One of David’s neighbour’s, the king of Tyre, hears about David successes. He builds David a house. David realises the LORD has established him as king. The LORD gives David more concubines and wives (cf. 2 Sam 12.8) and they produce more offspring for David (2 Sam 5.11-16).

The Philistines hear David is anointed king over Israel and they decide to attack him like they did Saul and Jonathan. David inquires of the LORD and he is instructed how to defeat them. David follows the LORD’s instructions and the Philistines get smashed (2 Sam 5.17-25).

David decides to bring the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem celebrating all the way. However they have not taken the proper steps to respect the LORD. During the journey the cart is upset and Uzzah tries to stabilise the ark. When he touches the ark he dies. Bam! David is angry because of the incident and afraid of the LORD. He leaves the ark at the city of Obed-edom for a time and it is consequently blessed by the LORD. When David hears of this blessing he brings up the ark again, this time performing sacrifices every six steps they took and celebrating before the LORD (2 Sam 6.5-15).

When the ark finally arrives in Jerusalem David gives everyone some food. But David’s wife Michal the daughter of Saul (cf. 1 Sam 18.20-29) sees him dancing in the nude and she criticises him. David rebukes her in return and she has no children to the day of her death (2 Sam 6.16-23).

The kingdom is united under David. The LORD has subdued all his enemies and granted him many concubines, wives and offspring. Today’s passage is the highpoint of David’s reign.

7 Now when the king lived in his house and the LORD had given him rest from all his surrounding enemies, 2 the king said to Nathan the prophet, “See now, I dwell in a house of cedar, but the ark of God dwells in a tent.” 3 And Nathan said to the king, “Go, do all that is in your heart, for the LORD is with you.” (2 Sam 7.1-3)

Initially this seems a worthy request. Nathan acknowledges David’s current status before the LORD.

4 But that same night the word of the LORD came to Nathan, 5 “Go and tell my servant David, ‘Thus says the LORD: Would you build me a house to dwell in? 6 I have not lived in a house since the day I brought up the people of Israel from Egypt to this day, but I have been moving about in a tent for my dwelling. 7 In all places where I have moved with all the people of Israel, did I speak a word with any of the judges of Israel, whom I commanded to shepherd my people Israel, saying, “Why have you not built me a house of cedar?” ’ (2 Sam 7.4-7)

The LORD initially does not like the implied request. He doesn’t need a house, he is omnipresent and hard to contain. He hasn’t asked for a house either. If he wanted one he would has asked. It seems David was a little presumptuous. If we look into the distant future Stephen will comment on the LORD dwelling in houses in a negative light (Acts 7.45-50). However Stephens comments are not directed towards David or Solomon, rather the attitude the Jews had towards the temple (Acts 6.13-14). But the LORD has not finished. He changes tack, moving from gentle rebuke to describe the way he has treated Israel.

8 Now, therefore, thus you shall say to my servant David, ‘Thus says the LORD of hosts, I took you from the pasture, from following the sheep, that you should be prince over my people Israel. 9 And I have been with you wherever you went and have cut off all your enemies from before you. And I will make for you a great name, like the name of the great ones of the earth. 10 And I will appoint a place for my people Israel and will plant them, so that they may dwell in their own place and be disturbed no more. And violent men shall afflict them no more, as formerly, 11 from the time that I appointed judges over my people Israel. And I will give you rest from all your enemies. Moreover, the LORD declares to you that the LORD will make you a house. (2 Sam 7.8-11)

The LORD has established David. He has put Israel in this land and that will be at peace. Unlike the period of the judges, no longer will foreigners reign over them. In addition to this the LORD will establish David’s household.

12 When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. 14 I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son. (2 Sam 7.12-14a)

The LORD makes a significant promise. After David dies the LORD will raise up a son from his line. The LORD will establish his kingdom. He shall build a new house for the LORD’s name and his kingdom will last forever.

When he commits iniquity, I will discipline him with the rod of men, with the stripes of the sons of men, 15 but my steadfast love will not depart from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away from before you. (2 Sam 7.14b-15)

The offspring spoken of will commit iniquity and be disciplined for it. Which is an interesting point considering who we may think the offspring is.

16 And your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before me. Your throne shall be established forever.’ ” 17 In accordance with all these words, and in accordance with all this vision, Nathan spoke to David. (2 Sam 7.16)

The LORD reiterates that this house, kingdom and throne will last forever. Graeme Goldsworthy wrote a book called Gospel and Kingdom which shows how the theme of God’s people, God’s land and God’s King are assumed in various texts of the bible. This passage is one of the main texts.

David’s house = God’s people
David’s kingdom = God’s land
David’s offspring = God’s King

When David hears this he offers a prayer of thanks. He acknowledges how great the LORD is in what he has done for Israel. He is assured the LORD will fulfill his promise. He asks the LORD to bless his house, so the promise will be fulfilled (2 Sam 7.18-29).

Story of Israel

Promises are part of a covenant. This is one of the most significant covenants on the Old Testament. The covenants made to Abraham and Moses being the others. These covenants may be viewed separately, but more than not, they are thought of as progressions on the former. The covenant forms a significant element of Israel’s understanding of her relationship with God.

Now covenants have several aspects to them. Covenants have members, obligations, blessings and curses. The members in the covenant are God and his people. God makes promises and these are his obligations according to the covenant. Israel is given obligations to, they keep the law God gives them. Keeping the law means making a regular practice of all the commands of the law. It does not necessarily mean sinless perfection because the law provided a means to atone for sin and receive forgiveness for those who trusted in God. There are blessings and curses. More often than not Israel will be cursed because she continually breaks the law = breaks the covenant.

The Jewish understanding of ethics and morality presuppose the Jewish law. This includes how they perceive God’s ethics and morality, in addition to his faithfulness in meeting his covenant obligations. Is we consider the concept of righteousness and covenant - Israel’s Righteousness is listening to and obeying the voice of the LORD as expressed in his covenant law. God’s Righteousness on the other hand is about him fulfilling his own covenant obligations (promises, blessings, curses).

In the Old Testament we are continually confronted with Israel breaking the covenant by disobedience, yet God still remains obligated to fulfill his promises.

Story of Jesus

The covenant promises the LORD made David predicting the future King come true in Jesus Christ. In his death and resurrection he showed according to the scriptural predictions that he is the promised Christ. Now that he is risen from the dead he will not die. So his kingdom will last forever. As the apostles state;

29 “Brothers, I may say to you with confidence about the patriarch David that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day. 30 Being therefore a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that he would set one of his descendants on his throne, 31 he foresaw and spoke about the resurrection of the Christ, that he was not abandoned to Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. 32 This Jesus God raised up, band of that we all are witnesses. 33 Being therefore exalted at the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this that you yourselves are seeing and hearing. 34 For David did not ascend into the heavens, but he himself says,
“ ‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit at my right hand,
 until I make your enemies your footstool.” ’
36 Let all the house of Israel therefore know for certain that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified.” (Acts 2.29-36)

1 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God, 2 which he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures, 3 concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh 4 and was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, (Rom 1.1-4)

God fulfilled the promises he made to David in Jesus. God is righteous according to the covenant.

2 Samuel 1-3 The dogs head of Judah

From 2 Samuel 1-3

Introduction

Second Samuel recounts David’s reign as king of Israel (about 1010–970 B.C.). As promised to Abraham, during David’s reign Israel’s borders were extended roughly from Egypt to the Euphrates. While David had many successes, after his sin against Bathsheba and Uriah (ch. 11) both his kingdom and his own family fell into chaos. His son Absalom led a bloody rebellion against him. Nevertheless David, author of many of the Psalms, was a man after God’s own heart (Acts 13:22), a model of deep, heartfelt prayer and repentance. The Davidic Covenant of chapter 7 establishes the eternal rule of David’s line, with its ultimate fulfillment in the coming of Jesus Christ. The author of 2 Samuel is unknown.

(The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (2001). (2 Sa). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.)

Overview

2 Sam 1.1-16; Story; David Hears of Saul’s Death
2 Sam 1.17-27; Song; David’s Lament for Saul and Jonathan
2 Sam 2.1-7; Story; David Anointed King of Judah
2 Sam 2.8-11; Story; Ish-bosheth Made King of Israel
2 Sam 2.12-3.1; Story; The Battle of Gibeon
2 Sam 3.2-5; Story; The LORD gives David more offspring
2 Sam 3.6-25; Story; Abner betrays Ish-bosheth and joins David
2 Sam 3.26-30; Story; Joab Murders Abner
2 Sam 3.31-39; Story-Song; David Mourns Abner

Passage and Comments

First and second Samuel are really the same book. To this point Saul has been defeated in battle against the Philistines and has killed himself. An Amalekite from Saul’s camp thought it might please David if he said he killed him and brought him Saul’s crown. But, David condemned the man’s actions and had him killed (2 Sam 1.1-16). David then creates a lament for Saul and Jonathan (2 Sam 1.17-27).

David seeks the LORD’s advice if he should go into the cities of Judah. The LORD instructs him to go to Hebron and there they anoint him king over Judah. David finds out who buried Saul and he commends their actions, blessing them in the name of the LORD (2 Sam 2.1-7).

Meanwhile, Saul’s son Ish-bosheth is made king of Israel. In Saul’s household, Ish-bosheth (King) and Abner (his General) pose the only threats to David’s rule (2 Sam 2.8-11).

David and Saul’s household increase hostilities and start a series of skirmishes. In David’s camp are three sons of a man named Zeruiah - Joab (General), Abishai, and Asahel. Asahel pursues Abner in battle. Abner warns him to stop, but Asahel continues. Abner kills Asahel with a spear. Joab and Abishai pursue Abner seeking revenge, but he rallies his men and argues that hostilities may cease. The fighting stops. There was a long war between the house of Saul and the house of David. And David grew stronger and stronger, while the house of Saul became weaker and weaker (2 Sam 2.12-3.1).

Our passage picks up from this point and describes what is happening in Saul’s household.

6 While there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, Abner was making himself strong in the house of Saul. 7 Now Saul had a concubine whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah. And Ish-bosheth said to Abner, “Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine?” (2 Sam 3.6-7)

Abner it seems has ambitions of his own to be the ruler of Saul’s household. By having sex with Saul’s concubine, he is putting himself in position to make a claim for his throne. When Ish-bosheth finds out he is legitimately concerned. Abner’s actions speak volumes about his loyalty towards Ish-bosheth.

8 Then Abner was very angry over the words of Ish-bosheth and said, “Am I a dog’s head of Judah? To this day I keep showing steadfast love to the house of Saul your father, to his brothers, and to his friends, and have not given you into the hand of David. And yet you charge me today with a fault concerning a woman. 9 God do so to Abner and more also, if I do not accomplish for David what the LORD has sworn to him, 10 to transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan to Beersheba.” 11 And Ish-bosheth could not answer Abner another word, because he feared him. (2 Sam 3.8-11)

Abner is angry for being confronted like this. He professes loyalty to Saul’s house, but then says he will transfer allegiance of the house to David. This will be good for uniting the kingdom and for David, but bad for Ish-bosheth. Ish-bosheth is now to afraid to respond. Abner has effectively betrayed Ish-bosheth.

12 And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, “To whom does the land belong? Make your covenant with me, and behold, my hand shall be with you to bring over all Israel to you.” 13 And he said, “Good; I will make a covenant with you. But one thing I require of you; that is, you shall not see my face unless you first bring Michal, Saul’s daughter, when you come to see my face.” 14 Then David sent messengers to Ish-bosheth, Saul’s son, saying, “Give me my wife Michal, for whom I paid the bridal price of a hundred foreskins of the Philistines.” 15 And Ish-bosheth sent and took her from her husband Paltiel the son of Laish. 16 But her husband went with her, weeping after her all the way to Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, “Go, return.” And he returned. (2 Sam 3.12-16)

Abner goes through with his plan and starts making arrangements with David. They make a covenant. Covenants can be made by conquering kings over a people. The king sets the terms by with they will live under his rule, the people are assured of peace with the king and his forces. The king is obligated to protect the people he is in covenant with. David wants his wife Michal back (cf. 1 Sam 18.20-29; 25.44).

17 And Abner conferred with the elders of Israel, saying, “For some time past you have been seeking David as king over you. 18 Now then bring it about, for the LORD has promised David, saying, ‘By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines, and from the hand of all their enemies.’ ” 19 Abner also spoke to Benjamin. And then Abner went to tell David at Hebron all that Israel and the whole house of Benjamin thought good to do. (2 Sam 3.17-19)

I wonder what Abners motives are in all this, he betrays Ish-bosheth. Is he doing it because he;
wants a position of leadership for himself?
does not like the house of Saul or Ish-bosheth?
wants to unite the kingdom under David as the LORD promised?

Whatever the case Abner, liases with the whole house of Benjamin (not just Saul’s) and they think it a good thing to transfer their allegiance to David.

20 When Abner came with twenty men to David at Hebron, David made a feast for Abner and the men who were with him. 21 And Abner said to David, “I will arise and go and will gather all Israel to my lord the king, that they may make a covenant with you, and that you may reign over all that your heart desires.” So David sent Abner away, and he went in peace.  (2 Sam 3.20-21)

Abner eventually goes to David and they seal the deal with a feast. Generally eating food together is a positive sign of fellowship. Abner then leaves to gather all Israel so they also may make a covenant with King David. However someone who hates Abner has been away from these proceedings.

Abner trusts Joab way more than he should and accepts an invitation from him to speak ‘privately’. Joab pulls him aside and stabs him in the stomach. Abner dies. When David hears of it he condemns Joab and curses his family line (2 Sam 3.26-30). David creates a lament for Abner and the people recognise he had no involvement in the murder (2 Sam 3.31-39).

Story of Israel

Abner’s betrayal is not the first or the last of betrayals the elders and kings of Israel will experience. Several were killed so that another may take their place. In this case the LORD’s promise was realised through Abners betrayal of Ish-bosheth and the kingdom was united under David.

Story of Jesus

Jesus was betrayed by Judas. This also fit right into the plans of God to bring about his kingdom under King Jesus.

14 And when the hour came, he reclined at table, and the apostles with him. 15 And he said to them, “I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 16 For I tell you I will not eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.” 17 And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks he said, “Take this, and divide it among yourselves. 18 For I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” 19 And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” 20 And likewise the cup after they had eaten, saying, “This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood. 21 But behold, the hand of him who betrays me is with me on the table. 22 For the Son of Man goes as it has been determined, but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed!” (Lk 22:14–22)

Judas betrays Jesus and he goes to the cross. On the cross Jesus won the decisive battle against sin, death and ushered in his kingdom.