Overview of 1 Samuel

1 Sam 1.1-20; Story; The Birth of Samuel. Eli and Hannah.

1 Sam 1.21-28; Story; Samuel Given to the LORD

1 Sam 2.1-11; Prayer; Hannah’s Prayer

1 Sam 2.12-21; Story; Eli’s Worthless Sons

1 Sam 2.22-26; Story; Eli Rebukes His Sons

1 Sam 2.27-36; Story; The LORD Rejects Eli’s Household

1 Sam 3.1-21; Story; The LORD Calls Samuel

1 Sam 4.1-11; Story; The Philistines Capture the Ark

1 Sam 4.12-22; Story; The Death of Eli

1 Sam 5.1-12; Story; The Philistines and the Ark

1 Sam 6.1-7.2; Story; The Ark Returned to Israel

1 Sam 7.3-17; Story; Samuel Judges Israel

1 Sam 8.1-9; Story; Israel Demands a King

1 Sam 8.10-18; Story; Samuel’s Warning Against Kings

1 Sam 8.19-22; Story; The LORD Grants Israel’s Request

1 Sam 9.1-27; Story; Saul Chosen to Be King

1 Sam 10.1-16; Story; Saul Anointed King

1 Sam 10.17-27; Story; Saul Proclaimed King

1 Sam 11.1-11; Story; Saul Defeats the Ammonites

1 Sam 11.12-15; Story; The Kingdom Is Renewed

1 Sam 12.1-25; Story; Samuel’s Farewell Address

1 Sam 13.1-7; Story; Saul Fights the Philistines

1 Sam 13.8-23; Story; Saul’s Unlawful Sacrifice

1 Sam 14.1-23; Story; Jonathan Defeats the Philistines

1 Sam 14.24-46; Story; Saul’s Rash Vow

1 Sam 14.47-52; Story; Saul Fights Israel’s Enemies

1 Sam 15.1-35; Story; The LORD Rejects Saul

1 Sam 16.1-13; Story; David Anointed King

1 Sam 16.14-23; Story; David in Saul’s Service

1 Sam 17.1-58; Story; David and Goliath

1 Sam 18.1-5; Story; David and Jonathan’s Friendship

1 Sam 18.6-16; Story; Saul’s Jealousy of David

1 Sam 18.17-30; Story; David Marries Michal

1 Sam 19.1-24; Story; Saul Tries to Kill David

1 Sam 20.1-42; Story; Jonathan Warns David

1 Sam 21.1-9; Story; David and the Holy Bread

1 Sam 21.10-15; Story; David Flees to Gath

1 Sam 22.1-5; Story; David at the Cave of Adullam

1 Sam 22.6-23; Story; Saul Kills the Priests at Nob

1 Sam 23.1-14; Story; David Saves the City of Keilah

1 Sam 23.15-29; Story; Saul Pursues David

1 Sam 24.1-22; Story; David Spares Saul’s Life

1 Sam 25.1; Story; The Death of Samuel

1 Sam 25.2-44; Story; David and Abigail

1 Sam 26.1-25; Story; David Spares Saul Again

1 Sam 27.1-12; Story; David Flees to the Philistines

1 Sam 28.1-25; Story; Saul and the Medium of Endor

1 Sam 29.1-11; Story; The Philistines Reject David

1 Sam 30.1-15; Story; David’s Wives Are Captured

1 Sam 30.16-31; Story; David Defeats the Amalekites

1 Sam 31.1-13; Story; The Death of Saul

1 Samuel 28-31 Carry the good news

From 1 Samuel 28-31

Overview

1 Sam 28.1-25; Story; Saul and the Medium of Endor
1 Sam 29.1-11; Story; The Philistines Reject David
1 Sam 30.1-15; Story; David’s Wives Are Captured
1 Sam 30.16-31; Story; David Defeats the Amalekites
1 Sam 31.1-13; Story; The Death of Saul

Passage and Comments

David believes Saul will again attempt to kill him so he escapes to the land of the Philistines himself. Initially the Philistine Achish is wary, but David has some good diplomatic skills and leads Achish to believe they are allies. Little does Achish know David runs sortie after sortie wiping out the Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites. These were the inhabitants of the land from of old, as far as Shur, to the land of Egypt (1 Sam 27.1-28.2).

The Philistines prepare to attack Israel in numbers and Saul has to fight. He fears the Philistines so he attempts to speak to the LORD. The LORD did not answer him, either by dreams, or by Urim, or by prophets (1 Sam 28:6). The LORD has abandoned him. Still Saul will not repent and ask for forgiveness. In desperation he goes to a medium to ask the deceased Samuel out the outcome of the battle. and what he should do. Samuel is not impressed and does not give him good news. Saul goes into a depression (1 Sam 28.3-25).

As the Philistines mass for the attack, some of them recognise David with Achish. They display more common sense that Achish and will not allow David and his men to join them in the battle. Who knows what the LORD’s anointed will do from the back of the Philistine army when they attack the LORD’s people? Leaving David and his men behind the Philistines move for Jezreel where they will meet Saul (1 Sam 29.1-11).

Meanwhile the Amalekites made a raid themselves against the Negeb, the land where David was residing and burn the city and capture their families. The men are distressed, but David strengthened himself in the LORD his God (1 Sam 30.6). Unlike Saul, the LORD speaks to David because they have a good relationship and the LORD tells him if they pursue them they will rescue their households. On the way they meet a friendly Egyptian who gives them much needed food and drink. But some fall behind because they are exhausted with the pursuit. Eventually they catch up with the Amalekites and defeat them resoundingly. On their return some bogans in David’s army suggest those who could not continue due to exhaustion should not have their possessions back. David rebukes them (1 Sam 30.1-31)

Israel’s battle with the Philistines has begun and Saul is in the thick of it.

31 Now the Philistines were fighting against Israel, and the men of Israel fled before the Philistines and fell slain on Mount Gilboa. 2 And the Philistines overtook Saul and his sons, and the Philistines struck down Jonathan and Abinadab and Malchi-shua, the sons of Saul. 3 The battle pressed hard against Saul, and the archers found him, and he was badly wounded by the archers. 4 Then Saul said to his armor-bearer, “Draw your sword, and thrust me through with it, lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through, and mistreat me.” But his armor-bearer would not, for he feared greatly. Therefore Saul took his own sword and fell upon it. 5 And when his armor-bearer saw that Saul was dead, he also fell upon his sword and died with him. 6 Thus Saul died, and his three sons, and his armor-bearer, and all his men, on the same day together. 7 And when the men of Israel who were on the other side of the valley and those beyond the Jordan saw that the men of Israel had fled and that Saul and his sons were dead, they abandoned their cities and fled. And the Philistines came and lived in them. (1 Sa 31:1–7)

Unfortunately Jonathan was killed. Jonathan was faithful to the LORD and a loyal friend to David. Saul describes the Philistines as ‘these uncircumcised’. Circumcision represented membership in the covenant people of God (Gen 17.9-14) and it was not uncommon to distinguish between the two peoples in this way.

You might remember when David declined to kill Saul when he had the opportunity he gave three possible ways he might die.
1) the LORD will strike him, or
2) his day will come to die, or
3) he will go down into battle and perish.
Option three is the way Saul died. He killed himself and the people in the surrounding country scattered in fear of the Philistines. The LORD has made his judgment on Saul and cleared the way for David to become king.

8 The next day, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, they found Saul and his three sons fallen on Mount Gilboa. 9 So they cut off his head and stripped off his armor and sent messengers throughout the land of the Philistines, to carry the good news to the house of their idols and to the people. 10 They put his armor in the temple of Ashtaroth, and they fastened his body to the wall of Beth-shan. 11 But when the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead heard what the Philistines had done to Saul, 12 all the valiant men arose and went all night and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons from the wall of Beth-shan, and they came to Jabesh and burned them there. 13 And they took their bones and buried them under the tamarisk tree in Jabesh and fasted seven days. (1 Sa 31:8–13)

The author uses the expression ‘good news’ to describe the message the Philistines were passing around concerning their victory over Israel. This is the first reference to ‘good news’ in the scriptures and it carries the meaning of a significant battle has been won in favour of the people. The irony here is that the Philistines were proclaiming the good news to their own people of the defeat of Israel and her king.

Story of Israel

In Israel’s history the proclamation of good news describes the coming of the LORD. The good news proclaimed is a promise the LORD will return and restore Israel.

9 Go on up to a high mountain,
O Zion, herald of good news;
lift up your voice with strength,
O Jerusalem, herald of good news;
lift it up, fear not;
say to the cities of Judah,
“Behold your God!”
10 Behold, the Lord GOD comes with might,
and his arm rules for him;
behold, his reward is with him,
and his recompense before him.
11 He will tend his flock like a shepherd;
he will gather the lambs in his arms;
he will carry them in his bosom,
and gently lead those that are with young. (Isa 40:9–11)

7 How beautiful upon the mountains
are the feet of him who brings good news,
who publishes peace, who brings good news of happiness,
who publishes salvation,
who says to Zion, “Your God reigns.”
8 The voice of your watchmen—they lift up their voice;
together they sing for joy;
for eye to eye they see
the return of the LORD to Zion.
9 Break forth together into singing,
you waste places of Jerusalem,
for the LORD has comforted his people;
he has redeemed Jerusalem.
10 The LORD has bared his holy arm
before the eyes of all the nations,
and all the ends of the earth shall see
the salvation of our God. (Isa 52:7–10)

61 The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me,
because the LORD has anointed me
to bring good news to the poor;
he has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted,
to proclaim liberty to the captives,
and the opening of the prison to those who are bound;
2 to proclaim the year of the LORD’s favor,
and the day of vengeance of our God;
to comfort all who mourn;
3 to grant to those who mourn in Zion—
to give them a beautiful headdress instead of ashes,
the oil of gladness instead of mourning,
the garment of praise instead of a faint spirit;
that they may be called oaks of righteousness,
the planting of the LORD, that he may be glorified. (Isa 61:1–3)

Story of Jesus

Some may remember where these passages are recalled in the New Testament. The last one was quoted by Jesus in the synagogue (Lk 4.16-19). Jesus was intentional in reading this and he finishes the reading by dropping a bomb.

“Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.” (Lk 4.21)

Jesus fulfills the promise of the LORD’s coming by becoming incarnate, becoming one of us in order to to save us from our sins in his death and be raised to new life through his resurrection. The ‘good news’ proclaimed by the Philistines is overshadowed by the ultimate victory God’s people will win over sin and death by their promised King.

1 Samuel 25-27 The LORD rewards every man for his righteousness and his faithfulness

From 1 Samuel 25-27

Overview

1 Sam 25.1; Story; The Death of Samuel
1 Sam 25.2-44; Story; David and Abigail
1 Sam 26.1-25; Story; David Spares Saul Again
1 Sam 27.1-12; Story; David Flees to the Philistines

Passage and Comments

Saul's pursuit of David continues. As Saul gets closer and closer to David, one night David finds Saul unawares sleeping in a cave. The LORD has put him in a position where he could do away with Saul. But the contrast between David and Saul again shows itself because David refuses to strike the LORD's anointed. Instead he gets evidence he was in the cave and later from hiding calls out to Saul describing the mercy he gave him. Saul recognises Davids righteousness and quits the pursuit (1 Sam 24.1-22).

Soon afterwards Samuel dies, but this will not be the last we hear from him (1 Sam 25.1; cf. 28.1-25).

During this time, David is still travelling comes across the land of a man named Nabal (which means 'fool'). David initially spends his time with his party on the outskirts of Nabal's property. He provides protection for Nabal and does not steal any of Nabal's livestock. David intends to pass through Naples property, so he sends some men to ask permission and perhaps seek some hospitality. Nabal treats David's messengers poorly and when they return to David, he prepares to destroy Nabal. Fortunately Nabal's wife is more diplomatic than her husband and she quickly reconciles with David. Nabal is told but does not care less, he feasts and drinks for a while, until the LORD strikes him dead. David finds out and takes Abigail as his wife (1 Sam 25.2-44).

Saul's peace with David is short lived and he resumes pursuing David so he can kill him. His jealousy it seems runs deep. I feel sorry for Saul. He seems to resist the most important thing, to repent and seek the LORD's mercy and forgiveness.

Once again the LORD presents David with an opportunity to remove Saul. The LORD has put Saul and his party in a deep slumber. David challenges his companions in a spirit of mad adventure to go down amongst the sleeping company.

7 So David and Abishai went to the army by night. And there lay Saul sleeping within the encampment, with his spear stuck in the ground at his head, and Abner and the army lay around him. 8 Then Abishai said to David, “God has given your enemy into your hand this day. Now please let me pin him to the earth with one stroke of the spear, and I will not strike him twice.” 9 But David said to Abishai, “Do not destroy him, for who can put out his hand against the LORD’s anointed and be guiltless?” 10 And David said, “As the LORD lives, the LORD will strike him, or his day will come to die, or he will go down into battle and perish. 11 The LORD forbid that I should put out my hand against the LORD’s anointed. But take now the spear that is at his head and the jar of water, and let us go.” 12 So David took the spear and the jar of water from Saul’s head, and they went away. No man saw it or knew it, nor did any awake, for they were all asleep, because a deep sleep from the LORD had fallen upon them. (1 Sam 26:7–12)

The LORD has provided David with a weapon. But still he refuses to strike the LORD's anointed. Once again David takes with him evidence of the encounter.

Interestingly David declines the most immediate means of disposing Saul, but leaves it to the LORD in a number of ways.
1) the LORD will strike him, or
2) his day will come to die, or
3) he will go down into battle and perish.
One of these will indeed be the LORD's plan as we will find out tomorrow.

13 Then David went over to the other side and stood far off on the top of the hill, with a great space between them. 14 And David called to the army, and to Abner the son of Ner, saying, “Will you not answer, Abner?” Then Abner answered, “Who are you who calls to the king?” 15 And David said to Abner, “Are you not a man? Who is like you in Israel? Why then have you not kept watch over your lord the king? For one of the people came in to destroy the king your lord. 16 This thing that you have done is not good. As the LORD lives, you deserve to die, because you have not kept watch over your lord, the LORD’s anointed. And now see where the king’s spear is and the jar of water that was at his head.” (1 Sam 26:13–16)

David gets stuck into Abner, Saul's general, and puts him in a very awkward position.

17 Saul recognized David’s voice and said, “Is this your voice, my son David?” And David said, “It is my voice, my lord, O king.” 18 And he said, “Why does my lord pursue after his servant? For what have I done? What evil is on my hands? 19 Now therefore let my lord the king hear the words of his servant. If it is the LORD who has stirred you up against me, may he accept an offering, but if it is men, may they be cursed before the LORD, for they have driven me out this day that I should have no share in the heritage of the LORD, saying, ‘Go, serve other gods.’ 20 Now therefore, let not my blood fall to the earth away from the presence of the LORD, for the king of Israel has come out to seek a single flea like one who hunts a partridge in the mountains.” (1 Sam 26:17–20)

Saul realises it is David. Since David has been found out he questions why Saul still pursues him. He now puts Saul on the spot with two options.
1) If the LORD has a grievance against David and that is why Saul pursues him, then the matter can be resolved if David makes an offering to the LORD thus appeasing Him, or
2) If men (i.e. Saul) have a grievance against David, and not the LORD, then they should be rebuked because they have chased David away from the 'heritage of the LORD'. This is a bit like kicking someone out of church, trying to prevent them from worshipping the LORD, so they instead serving other gods.

Finally David plays himself down, asking why the king hunts someone so insignificant like him.

21 Then Saul said, “I have sinned. Return, my son David, for I will no more do you harm, because my life was precious in your eyes this day. Behold, I have acted foolishly, and have made a great mistake.” 22 And David answered and said, “Here is the spear, O king! Let one of the young men come over and take it. 23 The LORD rewards every man for his righteousness and his faithfulness, for the LORD gave you into my hand today, and I would not put out my hand against the LORD’s anointed. 24 Behold, as your life was precious this day in my sight, so may my life be precious in the sight of the LORD, and may he deliver me out of all tribulation.” 25 Then Saul said to David, “Blessed be you, my son David! You will do many things and will succeed in them.” So David went his way, and Saul returned to his place. (1 Sam 26:21–25)

Davids remark about the LORD rewarding righteousness and faithfulness is not uncommon in the Old Testament. It assumes some actions please the LORD and some displease him. An aspect of the LORD's role as king is to reward good behaviour as well as punish wickedness. David has a robust conscience and this is what David is hoping for here, that the LORD would save him out of tribulation just as David did Saul.

Story of Israel

More often than not, Israel was punished by the LORD because of her disobedience. David and a handful of other kings are exceptions and did things which pleased the LORD. Unfortunately the majority of Israel and Judah's kings following David kept doing evil in the sight of the LORD and it is safe to assume Israel remained under the judgment of the LORD for hundreds of years.

Story of Jesus

Jesus assumes that Israel is still under judgment. In fact all who do not know and submit to the LORD are under the his judgment. But this is why Jesus came to save them from judgment and bring them into life.

24 Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever hears my word and believes him who sent me has eternal life. He does not come into judgment, but has passed from death to life. (Jn 5:24)

Once a person hear’s Jesus’ word and believes the Father their life does not end, rather it begins. There will still be a form of judgment where we see the LORD rewarding people for their righteousness and his faithfulness to him. In the scriptures people tended to believe that people could be and were righteous. Sometimes it was a reflection of pride (Lk 18.9-14), at other times its just what people thought (1 Thes 2.10).

Jesus continues;

25 “Truly, truly, I say to you, an hour is coming, and is now here, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live. 26 For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son also to have life in himself. 27 And he has given him authority to execute judgment, because he is the Son of Man. 28 Do not marvel at this, for an hour is coming when all who are in the tombs will hear his voice 29 and come out, those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the resurrection of judgment.  (Jn 5:25–29)

Jesus describes the way in which people will escape judgment and come into the resurrection of life. Those who will be given eternal life with God have heard Jesus voice, believed the Father who sent him and done good in response. Jesus is not trying to get people to feel good or bad about themselves, rather Jesus is describing the right response to the grace and kindness he has shown in bringing them to life in the first place.

1 Samuel 21-24 God did not give him into his hand

From 1 Samuel 21-24

Overview

1 Sam 21.1-9; Story; David and the Holy Bread
1 Sam 21.10-15; Story; David Flees to Gath
1 Sam 22.1-5; Story; David at the Cave of Adullam
1 Sam 22.6-23; Story; Saul Kills the Priests at Nob
1 Sam 23.1-14; Story; David Saves the City of Keilah
1 Sam 23.15-29; Story; Saul Pursues David
1 Sam 24.1-22; Story; David Spares Saul’s Life

Passage and Comments

David still continues to evade Saul. Perhaps we are meant to ask how long can he keep it up? During the pursuit Saul commands that the priests of the LORD who assisted David (1 Sam 21.1-9) be killed (1 Sam 22.6-23). At a later occasion David has opportunity to kill Saul and be done with it. But Saul is the anointed king, David has no right to strike the LORD's anointed (1 Sam 24.1-22). Here the contrast between David and Saul is apparent. David refuses to strike the LORD's anointed. One has respect for the LORD, the other doesn't.

Our passage describes David's heart for the people and again compares David and Saul. Even while David is being pursued by one who wants him dead, he is concerned for the welfare of others.

23 Now they told David, “Behold, the Philistines are fighting against Keilah and are robbing the threshing floors.” 2 Therefore David inquired of the LORD, “Shall I go and attack these Philistines?” And the LORD said to David, “Go and attack the Philistines and save Keilah.” 3 But David’s men said to him, “Behold, we are afraid here in Judah; how much more then if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?” 4 Then David inquired of the LORD again. And the LORD answered him, “Arise, go down to Keilah, for I will give the Philistines into your hand.” 5 And David and his men went to Keilah and fought with the Philistines and brought away their livestock and struck them with a great blow. So David saved the inhabitants of Keilah. 6 When Abiathar the son of Ahimelech had fled to David to Keilah, he had come down with an ephod in his hand. (1 Sam 23:1–6)

David has a heart for his people. He is acting as king even though he is not yet the king. David relies on the LORD for guidance. Twice he went to the LORD for help. He listens to the concerns of his men. He cares for the well being of the people in Israel. David puts himself and his men in the line of fire for others. And the LORD is with him. The LORD gives the Philistines into his hand. Bear in mind, all this happens while he is being pursued by Saul.

7 Now it was told Saul that David had come to Keilah. And Saul said, “God has given him into my hand, for he has shut himself in by entering a town that has gates and bars.” 8 And Saul summoned all the people to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men. (1 Sam 23:6–8)

By way of comparison. Saul does not care about the people. He has not even heard of the plight of Keilah. He will destroy them to get to David. Saul presumes on the LORD's favour. He mistakenly thinks God has given him David, when in fact God has put David there to save others. Saul does not inquire of the LORD. Imagine the LORD's response if he did. Saul only motivation seems to be jealousy. He wants to kill David, the future king.

9 David knew that Saul was plotting harm against him. And he said to Abiathar the priest, “Bring the ephod here.” 10 Then David said, “O LORD, the God of Israel, your servant has surely heard that Saul seeks to come to Keilah, to destroy the city on my account. 11 Will the men of Keilah surrender me into his hand? Will Saul come down, as your servant has heard? O LORD, the God of Israel, please tell your servant.” And the LORD said, “He will come down.” 12 Then David said, “Will the men of Keilah surrender me and my men into the hand of Saul?” And the LORD said, “They will surrender you.” 13 Then David and his men, who were about six hundred, arose and departed from Keilah, and they went wherever they could go. When Saul was told that David had escaped from Keilah, he gave up the expedition. 14 And David remained in the strongholds in the wilderness, in the hill country of the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every day, but God did not give him into his hand. (1 Sam 23:1–14)

David continues to rely on the LORD for guidance. The LORD is with him. Shamefully the people of Keilah would have surrendered David their saviour to Saul. But David's trust is not in men. David escapes because the LORD is with him. Its a difficult time for David, but he is showing every sign of living up to the reason why the LORD chose him.

And yet, David’s time to be king has not yet come.

Story of Israel

When his time does come the LORD makes him a promise that will be remembered for centuries. Nathan the prophet declares.

"Moreover, the LORD declares to you that the LORD will make you a house. 12 When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever."  (2 Sam 7:11–13)

Story of Jesus

The king anticipated in this promise is Jesus. Like David there were times where he was pursued. But he was not caught because his time had not yet come.

25 Some of the people of Jerusalem therefore said, “Is not this the man whom they seek to kill? 26 And here he is, speaking openly, and they say nothing to him! Can it be that the authorities really know that this is the Christ? 27 But we know where this man comes from, and when the Christ appears, no one will know where he comes from.” 28 So Jesus proclaimed, as he taught in the temple, “You know me, and you know where I come from. But I have not come of my own accord. He who sent me is true, and him you do not know. 29 I know him, for I come from him, and he sent me.” 30 So they were seeking to arrest him, but no one laid a hand on him, because his hour had not yet come. 31 Yet many of the people believed in him. They said, “When the Christ appears, will he do more signs than this man has done?” (Jn 7:25–31)

When his time did come and he was ready to bring in his kingdom he did it in the most unexpected way. The cross.

23 And Jesus answered them, “The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified. 24 Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit. 25 Whoever loves his life loses it, and whoever hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life. (Jn 12:23–25)

When his time had come, Jesus the king ushered in his eternal kingdom by going to the cross. Its on the cross where Jesus reveals his glory as king.

1 Samuel 18-20 Is Saul also among the prophets?

From 1 Samuel 18-20

Overview

1 Sam 18.1-5; Story; David and Jonathan’s Friendship
1 Sam 18.6-16; Story; Saul’s Jealousy of David
1 Sam 18.17-30; Story; David Marries Michal
1 Sam 19.1-24; Story; Saul Tries to Kill David
1 Sam 20.1-42; Story; Jonathan Warns David

Passage and Comments

Following the LORD's rejection of Saul, Samuel is told to go and anoint David as the next king. Saul is still in power, so we can expect increasing hostility between the two. Yet despite this initially David enters into Saul's service (1 Sam 16.1-23).

Israel continues to be plagued by the Philistines. During one such confrontation David wins a significant battle against Goliath the giant (1 Sam 17.1-58). Jonathan, another who the LORD has used to win battles against the Philistines, and David become loyal friends (1 Sam 18.1-5).

In an attempt to get rid of David, Saul offers to give him his daughter Michal as wife in return for one hundred Philistine foreskins. The Philistines are not likely to submit willingly to this so David is likely to get into a fight and probably die. But Sauls plan backfires and they get married when David happily obliges Saul killing many of Israels enemies (1 Sam 18.17-30).

Our passage picks up with increasing hostility between Saul and David. Saul wants to kill Davod because he is jealous, David cannot kill Saul because Saul is the LORD's anointed king.

8 And there was war again. And David went out and fought with the Philistines and struck them with a great blow, so that they fled before him. 9 Then a harmful spirit from the LORD came upon Saul, as he sat in his house with his spear in his hand. And David was playing the lyre. 10 And Saul sought to pin David to the wall with the spear, but he eluded Saul, so that he struck the spear into the wall. And David fled and escaped that night. (1 Sam 19:8–10)

David has taken up the role of protecting Israle from the Philistines. These early battles give him valuable experience for a life of war. They also give him increasing amounts of credibility among the people of Israel. Unfortunately the more David serves, the more Saul gets jealous. With the increasing tension between Saul and David its apparent David will not be able to continue in Saul's service.

11 Saul sent messengers to David’s house to watch him, that he might kill him in the morning. But Michal, David’s wife, told him, “If you do not escape with your life tonight, tomorrow you will be killed.” 12 So Michal let David down through the window, and he fled away and escaped. 13 Michal took an image and laid it on the bed and put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head and covered it with the clothes. 14 And when Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, “He is sick.” 15 Then Saul sent the messengers to see David, saying, “Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may kill him.” 16 And when the messengers came in, behold, the image was in the bed, with the pillow of goats’ hair at its head. 17 Saul said to Michal, “Why have you deceived me thus and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped?” And Michal answered Saul, “He said to me, ‘Let me go. Why should I kill you?’ ” (1 Sam 19:11-17)

The scene is almost comic. Michal sets up a dummy in David's bed, but as soon as they come in the gag is revealed.

18 Now David fled and escaped, and he came to Samuel at Ramah and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and lived at Naioth. 19 And it was told Saul, “Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah.” 20 Then Saul sent messengers to take David, and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as head over them, the Spirit of God came upon the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied. (1 Sam 19:18-20)

David rejoins Samuel. Eventually Saul finds out where David is and he sends people to bring David back. But they meet a company of prophets. What do these prophets preach? Prophecy normally concerns the prediction of future events and the word of the LORD. The text does not tell us much about what they say, but it shouldn't be to too much of a stretch to assume they speak about what the LORD is doing in David, the kingdom and calling the people to remain faithful to the LORD. The Spirit is working in these prophets and the messengers are overcome. They too get caught up in prophesy.

21 When it was told Saul, he sent other messengers, and they also prophesied. And Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they also prophesied. (1 Sam 19:21)

Notice a pattern here. Whatever the prophets are preaching overcomes everyone Saul sends. Saul's messengers may not even have come back. The more he sends, the more get caught up in prophesy.

22 Then he himself went to Ramah and came to the great well that is in Secu. And he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?” And one said, “Behold, they are at Naioth in Ramah.” 23 And he went there to Naioth in Ramah. And the Spirit of God came upon him also, and as he went he prophesied until he came to Naioth in Ramah. 24 And he too stripped off his clothes, and he too prophesied before Samuel and lay naked all that day and all that night. Thus it is said, “Is Saul also among the prophets?” (1 Sam 19:22–24)

Until finally, Saul himself is overcome. Powerful words, powerful Spirit.

Story of Israel

This is not an isolated incident regarding the Spirits ability to get people to speak. The prophet Jeremiah once confessed what it was like to have the word of the LORD in him.

8 For whenever I speak, I cry out,
I shout, “Violence and destruction!”
For the word of the LORD has become for me
a reproach and derision all day long.
9 If I say, “I will not mention him,
or speak any more in his name,”
there is in my heart as it were a burning fire
shut up in my bones,
and I am weary with holding it in,
and I cannot. (Jer 20:8–9)

In his situation, he was pronouncing judgment on unfaithful Israel. Not easy words to share, but the Spirit burned within him. Forcing him to speak.

Story of Jesus

The same thing happens following Jesus death and resurrection. The apostles cannot but speak about Jesus.

8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, “Rulers of the people and elders, 9 if we are being examined today concerning a good deed done to a crippled man, by what means this man has been healed, 10 let it be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead—by him this man is standing before you well. 11 This Jesus is the stone that was rejected by you, the builders, which has become the cornerstone. 12 And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.”
...
18 So they called them and charged them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus. 19 But Peter and John answered them, “Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than to God, you must judge, 20 for we cannot but speak of what we have seen and heard.” (Acts 4:8-12,18–20)

1 Samuel 15-17 Bleating of sheep and lowing of oxen

From 1 Samuel 15-17

Overview

1 Sam 15.1-35; Story; The LORD Rejects Saul
1 Sam 16.1-13; Story; David Anointed King
1 Sam 16.14-23; Story; David in Saul’s Service
1 Sam 17.1-58; Story; David and Goliath

Passage and Comments

Saul hasn't been making many friends with some of his commands. He makes a vow to the LORD preventing most of his men from eating. Not a good idea when they are exhausted and have to fight. The vow almost costs Jonathan his life. But Saul reneges and breaks his vow to the LORD (1 Sam 14.24-46).

A bit later Samuel passes on an instruction from the LORD that Saul and his army are to devote the Amalekites to destruction (1 Sam 15.1-3). In practical terms, kill everyone, destroy everything, so nothing remains. In a sense, give it all back to God. But as we have been seeing with Saul, he gets swayed easily by the people. He doesn't lead, he doesnt obey.

10 The word of the LORD came to Samuel: 11 “I regret that I have made Saul king, for he has turned back from following me and has not performed my commandments.” And Samuel was angry, and he cried to the LORD all night. (1 Sam 15:10–11 ESV)

Its not often the LORD is described as regretting something. The term may imply God is admitting he made a mistake. But this obviously clashes with his sovereignty. So most prefer to say he was grieved. He deliberately chose a difficult path in choosing Saul that will accomplish his purposes yet still caused him pain to do so. Samuel is angry. Frustration might also describe his attitude towards Saul. He's got no sleep because of his passionate prayer. Its fairly significant that the first king chosen by the LORD in Israel's history blew it.

12 And Samuel rose early to meet Saul in the morning. And it was told Samuel, “Saul came to Carmel, and behold, he set up a monument for himself and turned and passed on and went down to Gilgal.” 13 And Samuel came to Saul, and Saul said to him, “Blessed be you to the LORD. I have performed the commandment of the LORD.” 14 And Samuel said, “What then is this bleating of the sheep in my ears and the lowing of the oxen that I hear?” 15 Saul said, “They have brought them from the Amalekites, for the people spared the best of the sheep and of the oxen to sacrifice to the LORD your God, and the rest we have devoted to destruction.” (1 Sam 15:12–15 ESV)

Saul set up a monument for himself. Oops.
Saul claims he performed the commandment of the LORD. Not.
Samuel has a good grasp of sarcasm.
Saul is auditioning for fail blog - 'excuse fail'.
Samuel cant stand it any longer.

16 Then Samuel said to Saul, “Stop! I will tell you what the LORD said to me this night.” And he [Saul] said to him, “Speak.” 17 And Samuel said, “Though you are little in your own eyes, are you not the head of the tribes of Israel? The LORD anointed you king over Israel. 18 And the LORD sent you on a mission and said, ‘Go, devote to destruction the sinners, the Amalekites, and fight against them until they are consumed.’ 19 Why then did you not obey the voice of the LORD? Why did you pounce on the spoil and do what was evil in the sight of the LORD?” (1 Sam 15:16–19 ESV)

Samuel comments on Sauls opinion of his role. 'You are little in your own eyes'. Essentially Samuel is saying Saul does not respect his role and example as King. Before the LORD and before Israel. He is the LORD's ambassador. Samuel calls him out on his sin and Saul is pinned.

20 And Saul said to Samuel, “I have obeyed the voice of the LORD. I have gone on the mission on which the LORD sent me. I have brought Agag the king of Amalek, and I have devoted the Amalekites to destruction. 21 But the people took of the spoil, sheep and oxen, the best of the things devoted to destruction, to sacrifice to the LORD your God in Gilgal.” (1 Sam 15:20-21 ESV)

Saul squirms and tries to evade. The people did it, not me. Saul does not take responsibility as leader of the people for the people's actions or his own (compare Daniel in Dan 9.4-20).

22 And Samuel said,
“Has the LORD as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices,
as in obeying the voice of the LORD?
Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice,
and to listen than the fat of rams.
23 For rebellion is as the sin of divination,
and presumption is as iniquity and idolatry.
Because you have rejected the word of the LORD,
he has also rejected you from being king.” (1 Sam 15:20–23 ESV)

Saul rebelled against the LORD's command and presumed he would prefer the sacrifice. Consequently the LORD will not establish his kingdom through his family line.

Story of Israel

Its interesting to note the LORD places more value on obedience and listening than on sacrifices. This is actually a recurring theme through Israel's history (Ps 51:13–19; Hos 8:11–14; Amos 5:21–24). Unfortunately Israel kept disobeying and rejecting the LORD, while still offering up offerings and sacrifices.

Story of Jesus

Jesus alludes to this problem a couple times in the Gospel. He quotes from Hos 6.6 saying;

7 And if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the guiltless. (Mt 12:7 ESV)

In doing so he lays down the groundwork for exempting Gentiles who believe him to be the crucified and then risen Christ from having to observe these Jewish works.

1 Samuel 13-14 Saul behaves foolishly

From 1 Samuel 13-14

Overview

1 Sam 13.1-7; Story; Saul Fights the Philistines
1 Sam 13.8-23; Story; Saul’s Unlawful Sacrifice
1 Sam 14.1-23; Story; Jonathan Defeats the Philistines
1 Sam 14.24-46; Story; Saul’s Rash Vow
1 Sam 14.47-52; Story; Saul Fights Israel’s Enemies

Passage and Comments

After yesterdays events Samuel calls the people together and declares the LORD has chosen a king for them in response to their rude request. Amusingly they ask where he is and the LORD speaking through Samuel said he was hiding among the baggage. Huh?!? What kind of a king hides from people? They find him and take him out. They admire his height and yell out ‘long live the king’. Samuel then tells them all the rights and duties of kingship. Some people (loud, criminal, bogun’s) mock Saul (1 Sam 10.17-27).

The Ammonites threaten Israel. Saul hears about it and is inflamed with anger from the Spirit. Consequently he raises up an army and wins a resounding victory over the Ammonites. Afterwards the people who earlier mocked Saul are sought so they may be put to death for what they said. In light of the salvation the LORD has wrought through Saul, he commands that they be spared. They return to Gilgal and renew the Kingdom of Israel offering peace offerings (1 Sam 11.1-15).

Samuel recognises that he is old and grey and is about to die. In light of this he argues he has been faithful in his duties. He recalls the covenant faithfulness of the LORD in bringing Israel into the promised land and making them into a people. Despite the LORD’s righteous deeds, he condemns Israel because they have rejected the LORD for asking for a king. They cower in fear of the LORD and Samuel, but Samuel reassures them they will not be punished. Rather he exhorts them to life faithfully and serve the LORD with all their heart (1 Sam 12.1-25).

Saul gets involved in increasing more campaigns against foreign invaders and keeps winning victories. Our passage today picks up before an oncoming battle and Saul is anxiously awaiting the arrival of Samuel so he may then offer various sacrifices to the LORD before the battle (1 Sam 13.1-7).

8 He waited seven days, the time appointed by Samuel. But Samuel did not come to Gilgal, and the people were scattering from him. (1 Sam 13:8 ESV)

Saul has waited to the appointed time. Samuel has not yet come. It is before the battle, the sacrifice to the LORD has not been offered and people were leaving. Reading between the lines, Saul does not have the leadership to keep them waiting. He doesn’t have the patience to wait till the end of the day. Or perhaps the trust in God, that he will protect his people regardless.

9 So Saul said, “Bring the burnt offering here to me, and the peace offerings.” And he offered the burnt offering. 10 As soon as he had finished offering the burnt offering, behold, Samuel came. And Saul went out to meet him and greet him. (1 Sam 13:9-10 ESV)

I remember once in high school, the teacher was absent and the guys were having fun tossing the dusters in the overhead fans so they would then fly around the room. Eventually I worked up the courage to do the same. Just at the moment when I did the teacher walked in and busted me. Likewise when Saul can wait no longer he gives in and does something he shouldn’t. He makes the burnt offering himself. The LORD or Samuel wouldn’t mind would they? At that same moment, Samuel walks in and busts him after the act.

11 Samuel said, “What have you done?” And Saul said, “When I saw that the people were scattering from me, and that you did not come within the days appointed, and that the Philistines had mustered at Michmash, 12 I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the favor of the LORD.’ So I forced myself, and offered the burnt offering.” (1 Sam 13:11-12 ESV)

Saul offers an excuse and in part it seems reasonable. Samuel took his time in coming. The Philistines were about to come down and attack them. The people were scattering - leaving. They are not ready because they have not sought the LORD’s favour. He ‘forced himself’ to make the burnt offering. Will Samuel buy it?

13 And Samuel said to Saul, “You have done foolishly. You have not kept the command of the LORD your God, with which he commanded you. For then the LORD would have established your kingdom over Israel forever. (1 Sam 13:13 ESV)

No he doesn’t. Samuel describes Saul’s actions as foolishness. Saul is a fool. He has not obeyed the command of the LORD. By offering the sacrifice himself he publicly sinned. He should have waited for Samuel so he may make the burnt offering. Saul’s earlier excuses seem in part reasonable, but he should have trusted the LORD. How did he think he was winning victories in the first place? The LORD could have held them off much longer. The LORD could have defeated the Philistines without him. The LORD could allow Saul and his forces to run away in the event the Philistines did come. These options did not involve Saul disobeying the command of the LORD.

So what is Saul’s punishment? His kingdom will not last forever. His descendants will not continue to rule over Israel.

14 But now your kingdom shall not continue. The LORD has sought out a man after his own heart, and the LORD has commanded him to be prince over his people, because you have not kept what the LORD commanded you.” 15 And Samuel arose and went up from Gilgal. The rest of the people went up after Saul to meet the army; they went up from Gilgal to Gibeah of Benjamin. (1 Sam 13:14–15 ESV)

The LORD has sought out a man ‘after his own heart’. Spoiler alert - King David. David will keep the commands of the LORD, with one notable exception.

Saul eventually goes to battle. But he isn’t the one the LORD uses to win the battle. The guts of the battle is won by Jonathan. But that's another story.

Saul is an example where disobedience is described as foolishness (1 Sam 13.13). Saul’s foolishness is a combination of not trusting God and not realising that the LORD is the one who behind the scenes is winning his battles for him. Saul tried to put God in a box and control him. God doesn’t like working with people who keep trying to do this. The LORD is sovereign, we are not.

Story of Israel

Scripture portrays fools as those who have rejected God and his ways and are unable or unwilling to appreciate the wisdom of knowing and obeying him. In Israel’s history people who are described as fools lack knowledge of God (Jer 4.22; 5.4,21; Ps 92.6), they do not believe in God (Isa 53.1; Ps 14.1) or trust in Him (Hos 7.11).

Story of Jesus

When the apostle Paul looked at examples of disobedience in the old testament he used them to warn his audience against them.

11 Now these things happened to them as an example, but they were written down for our instruction, on whom the end of the ages has come. 12 Therefore let anyone who thinks that he stands take heed lest he fall. 13 No temptation has overtaken you that is not common to man. God is faithful, and he will not let you be tempted beyond your ability, but with the temptation he will also provide the way of escape, that you may be able to endure it (1 Cor 10.11-13).

Saul did not wait for Samuel to offer the sacrifice, he did it himself. If we relate Saul's mistake to Jesus, how can people avoid doing the same? The answer is be aware of Jesus' role in the things we are involved in and wait on him to bring them about. We can do this by remembering the significance of his death and resurrection in our salvation. By remembering the need for prayer before embarking on various endeavors.

1 Samuel 9-12 About the matter of the kingdom

From 1 Samuel 9-12

Overview

1 Sam 9.1-27; Story; Saul Chosen to Be King

1 Sam 10.1-16; Story; Saul Anointed King

1 Sam 10.17-27; Story; Saul Proclaimed King

1 Sam 11.1-11; Story; Saul Defeats the Ammonites

1 Sam 11.12-15; Story; The Kingdom Is Renewed

1 Sam 12.1-25; Story; Samuel’s Farewell Address

Passage and Comments

Yesterday, Israel asked to be like all the other nations and have a king. Today, the LORD chooses their new king. Will he be what they expect?

Chapter nine introduces Saul. He is sent out of his land to search for some missing donkeys. Initially he has no success. But he and his companion decide to visit the prophet, whom they call a 'seer'. Provided they give him a present (food) they believe the seer can tell them where their donkeys are. The seer is Samuel (1 Sam 9.1-14).

Samuel has been told by the LORD that the king he is to anoint is coming. This king, like the judges before him will save Israel from the Philistines and 'restrain' Israel. When Saul arrives, Samuel identifies himself as the seer, invites him to eat with him and tells him the donkeys have been found (how did he know and find out?). He says this with a mysterious prediction of his upcoming role (1 Sam 9.20). They eat and spend time together for a while. The next day Samuel tells Saul he will reveal to him the word of God (1 Sam 9.15-27). This is where our passage picks up.

10 Then Samuel took a flask of oil and poured it on his head and kissed him and said, “Has not the Lord anointed you to be prince over his people Israel? And you shall reign over the people of the Lord and you will save them from the hand of their surrounding enemies. And this shall be the sign to you that the Lord has anointed you to be prince over his heritage. (1 Sam 10.1)

Samuel anoints him king (=the LORD's prince over Israel). He tells him about his role. He will save and protect Israel from the Philistines. To prove all this he will give a series of signs.

2 When you depart from me today, you will meet two men by Rachel’s tomb in the territory of Benjamin at Zelzah, and they will say to you, ‘The donkeys that you went to seek are found, and now your father has ceased to care about the donkeys and is anxious about you, saying, “What shall I do about my son?” ’ (1 Sam 10.2)

The first sign is that they will be told their donkeys have been found, but their father is worried about them. They will be fed by these same people.

3 Then you shall go on from there farther and come to the oak of Tabor. Three men going up to God at Bethel will meet you there, one carrying three young goats, another carrying three loaves of bread, and another carrying a skin of wine. And they will greet you and give you two loaves of bread, which you shall accept from their hand. (1 Sam 10.3-4)

The second sign involves another meeting. They will be met by three men who will have three goats and loaves of bread and one skin of wine. I suspect they will be impressed that Samuel was accurately been able to predict these things. In addition they will be given two loaves. Saul will be provided for along the way.

5 After that you shall come to Gibeath-elohim, where there is a garrison of the Philistines. And there, as soon as you come to the city, you will meet a group of prophets coming down from the high place with harp, tambourine, flute, and lyre before them, prophesying. Then the Spirit of the Lord will rush upon you, and you will prophesy with them and be turned into another man. (1 Sam 10.5-6)

Samuel predicts they will come upon a travelling band of prophets. I suspect they are religious people to proclaim the LORD (=prophesy). Possibly like priests. When Saul sees them, he to will prophesy. Samuel says, Saul will be turned into another man. He will change.

7 Now when these signs meet you, do what your hand finds to do, for God is with you. Then go down before me to Gilgal. And behold, I am coming down to you to offer burnt offerings and to sacrifice peace offerings. Seven days you shall wait, until I come to you and show you what you shall do.” (1 Sam 10.7-8)

After all these signs happen, God will be with him. Samuel says, 'do what your hand finds to do'. I suspect whatever Saul does, he will have success because the LORD is with him.

9 When he turned his back to leave Samuel, God gave him another heart. And all these signs came to pass that day. (1 Sam 10.9)

Saul was given a new heart. Bear this statement in mind for future reference. Samuel being the LORD's prophet as well as judge has predicted the future in truth because the LORD is with him.

10 When they came to Gibeah, behold, a group of prophets met him, and the Spirit of God rushed upon him, and he prophesied among them. And when all who knew him previously saw how he prophesied with the prophets, the people said to one another, “What has come over the son of Kish? Is Saul also among the prophets?” And a man of the place answered, “And who is their father?” Therefore it became a proverb, “Is Saul also among the prophets?” When he had finished prophesying, he came to the high place. (1 Sam 10.10-13)

Saul prophesied. Normally prophesy means to predict the future. It can also be applied to communicating God's words to the people. Here I suspect Saul is proclaiming the LORD to the people. Lets see if Saul's behaviour lasts. He meets up with his father again.

14 Saul’s uncle said to him and to his servant, “Where did you go?” And he said, “To seek the donkeys. And when we saw they were not to be found, we went to Samuel.” And Saul’s uncle said, “Please tell me what Samuel said to you.” And Saul said to his uncle, “He told us plainly that the donkeys had been found.” But about the matter of the kingdom, of which Samuel had spoken, he did not tell him anything. (1 Sam 10.14-15)

Saul did not tell him anything about the kingdom. We need to question why and what this says about Saul. I suspect Saul is embarrassed. Perhaps he is still doubting. Saul hasn't stepped it up to align himself to kingdom matters. That's what he should have done. Here's why I asked to keep his heart changing in mind. It hasn't lasted.

Story of Israel

Saul as we will see does win some victories for the LORD. But at a critical point he wavers. He seems more concerned to look good in the eyes of the people than the eyes of the LORD. This is the struggle with the people of God. Quite often the faithful ones who do step it up for the kingdom of God are persecuted by the world around them.

Following Saul God raises up another king who did step it up. King David. Saul will be remembered as having rejected the LORD, David will be remembered as the faithful king, bearer of God's promises for an eternal kingdom (2 Sam 7).

Story of Jesus

Many years later, another came who was a descendant of Jesus. Like Saul many signs were given to prove who he was. Not to him, he already knew. But to those around him.

30 Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of the disciples, which are not written in this book; 31 but these are written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name. (Jn 20.30-31)

Unlike Saul, Jesus didn't avoid speaking about the Kingdom of God. He proclaimed it out loud for everyone (e.g. Mk 1.15). Jesus stepped up and didn't back down. Even to the point of predicting his own death and resurrection and intentionally bringing it about.

And he began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders and the chief priests and the scribes and be killed, and after three days rise again. (Mk 8.31)

Jesus stepped up to the cross and ushered in his kingdom.

1 Samuel 4-8 Samuel judged the people of Israel

From 1 Samuel 4-8

Overview

1 Sam 4.1-11; Story; The Philistines Capture the Ark
1 Sam 4.12-22; Story; The Death of Eli
1 Sam 5.1-12; Story; The Philistines and the Ark
1 Sam 6.1-7.2; Story; The Ark Returned to Israel
1 Sam 7.3-17; Story; Samuel Judges Israel
1 Sam 8.1-9; Story; Israel Demands a King
1 Sam 8.10-18; Story; Samuel’s Warning Against Kings
1 Sam 8.19-22; Story; The LORD Grants Israel’s Request

Passage and Comments

As a sign of Israel's continued disobedience, the Israel is defeated by the Philistines in battle and the ark of the covenant is captured. Further the LORD's judgment on Eli is fulfilled. His two sons are killed in battle (1 Sam 4.1-11).  When Eli hears this dreadful news he falls over backward in his chair, breaking his neck and dies (1 Sam 4.12-22).

The ark of the covenant proves to be too hot to handle for the Philistines. Those who live close to it start dying. In what appears to be a comic description, their god Dagon is found face downward before the ark. The next morning the same happens, but the head is cut off as well. The Philistines resolve to get rid of the ark (1 Sam 5.1-12).

They put it on some cows with some guilt offerings to appease the God of Israel and the cows make a bee line for Israel. In Beth-shemesh the LORD continues to strike people down, this time Israelites because they are not treating the ark or the LORD with proper respect. None can stand before the LORD, the Holy God. They send for help and some men take it to Eleazar, son of Abinadab who is consecrated to look after it. He does so for twenty years (1 Sam 6.1-7.2). Time enough for Samuel to mature. Our passage picks up with Samuel.

3 And Samuel said to all the house of Israel, “If you are returning to the Lord with all your heart, then put away the foreign gods and the Ashtaroth from among you and direct your heart to the Lord and serve him only, and he will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines.” So the people of Israel put away the Baals and the Ashtaroth, and they served the Lord only. (1 Sam 7.3-4)

Once again part of the role of the judge is to command Israel to repent of its idolatry and restore them to the LORD. Notice the reference to service. God's people are his servants.

5 Then Samuel said, “Gather all Israel at Mizpah, and I will pray to the Lord for you.” So they gathered at Mizpah and drew water and poured it out before the Lord and fasted on that day and said there, “We have sinned against the Lord.” And Samuel judged the people of Israel at Mizpah. Now when the Philistines heard that the people of Israel had gathered at Mizpah, the lords of the Philistines went up against Israel. And when the people of Israel heard of it, they were afraid of the Philistines. (1 Sam 7.5-7)

Israel repents and atones for her sin. The Philistines hear they have gathered, but before when they won against Israel, Israel was being punished for her sin. Now Israel has been restored and the LORD is with Samuel. The Philistines will get powned.

8 And the people of Israel said to Samuel, “Do not cease to cry out to the Lord our God for us, that he may save us from the hand of the Philistines.” So Samuel took a nursing lamb and offered it as a whole burnt offering to the Lord. And Samuel cried out to the Lord for Israel, and the Lord answered him. As Samuel was offering up the burnt offering, the Philistines drew near to attack Israel. But the Lord thundered with a mighty sound that day against the Philistines and threw them into confusion, and they were defeated before Israel. And the men of Israel went out from Mizpah and pursued the Philistines and struck them, as far as below Beth-car. (1 Sam 7.8-11)

Samuel offers an animal sacrifice for good measure in respect of the LORD. The LORD in his mercy towards Israel strikes the Philistines in judgment.

12 Then Samuel took a stone and set it up between Mizpah and Shen and called its name Ebenezer; for he said, “Till now the Lord has helped us.” So the Philistines were subdued and did not again enter the territory of Israel. And the hand of the Lord was against the Philistines all the days of Samuel. The cities that the Philistines had taken from Israel were restored to Israel, from Ekron to Gath, and Israel delivered their territory from the hand of the Philistines. There was peace also between Israel and the Amorites. (1 Sam 7.12-14)

Israel is at peace. The LORD has saved Israel again, through his judge.

15 Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. And he went on a circuit year by year to Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpah. And he judged Israel in all these places. Then he would return to Ramah, for his home was there, and there also he judged Israel. And he built there an altar to the Lord. (1 Sam 7.15-17)

Samuel made a regular circuit around Israel. Doing his rounds, serving the LORD by ministering to Israel. He judged Israel. The expression 'judged' obviously does not mean condemn in this context. It seems closely aligned to ruled, protected, taught and guided. It seems Samuel is a model leader. Or is he?

4 Then all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel at Ramah and said to him, “Behold, you are old and your sons do not walk in your ways. Now appoint for us a king to judge us like all the nations.” But the thing displeased Samuel when they said, “Give us a king to judge us.” And Samuel prayed to the Lord. And the Lord said to Samuel, “Obey the voice of the people in all that they say to you, for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me from being king over them. According to all the deeds that they have done, from the day I brought them up out of Egypt even to this day, forsaking me and serving other gods, so they are also doing to you. Now then, obey their voice; only you shall solemnly warn them and show them the ways of the king who shall reign over them.” (1 Sam 8.4-9)

Unfortunately, he has struggled to lead his own family as Israel has noticed. Samuel has failed to discipline his sons just like Eli did. Perhaps because he was away from home too often, and put his ministry before his family. He and Eli are not the only leaders of Israel who have this problem.

Also, Israel while benefiting from Samuel being their judge, still despises the LORD. They want a king. This is actually part of the LORD's plan for them (Dt 17.14-20). So why the problem here? Its commonly thought that the insult was not caused by what they ask, but because of the motive behind their request. They have asked because they want to be 'like all the nations' (1 Sam 8.4). Both the LORD and Samuel recognise it as a rejection of their authority and rule (1 Sam 8.7).

Story of Israel

Throughout Israel's history there have been many leaders who have done a lot of good for Israel. Like Samuel they were not perfect, but none the less the LORD was able to use them for his purposes and turn Israel around for a time.

Consider the prophet Elijah who the LORD used to defeat the priests of Baal on mount Carmel (1 Ki 18).
Consider King Hezekiah who led Israel in trusting the LORD before their foe Sennacherib (2 Ki 18).
Consider King Josiah who found the book of the Covenant and broke down the places of foreign worship in Israel (2 Ki 22-23).
Consider Daniel who through the exile and under foreign rule, spoke up for the LORD and did not submit to idolatry (Dan 1-6).
Consider Ezra who led Israel back into the promised land to rebuild the temple (Ezra 3-6).

Story of Jesus

Jesus is like all these men, only much much better. He has died for his people. He has overcome death and been risen from the grave. He is faithful to his family. He guides them by his Spirit. He interceeds for them when words fail them. All these leaders eventually died. But Jesus remains. One day he will come again and he will be with us forever.